A Research on the Socio-spatial Structure and Social Networks in a Metropolitan Area

本研究的目的是系统地分析社区特征，特别是城市化如何影响社会网络。在此之前，我们对名古屋都市圈进行了生态因子分析，构建了一个社区类型学，并从中选择了5个不同类型的社区作为研究领域，进行了个人网络的调查研究。结果表明：只有在东海地区（包括名古屋都市圈）长大的人，即本地人，其亲缘关系数量随城市化而减少，主要原因是他们中的本地亲缘关系数量随城市化而减少；随着城市化的发展，邻居的数量也在减少。这种影响在那些在该地区长大的男性受访者中最为明显；朋友的数量随着城市化而减少，只对当地人来说，因为他们中有城市化的当地朋友的数量在减少。然而，随着城市化的发展，距离较远的朋友数量只在本地增加。远房朋友的数量与城市化无关。相反，那些在外地长大的人比本地人有更多的远房朋友，而且受教育程度越高，远房朋友越多。总之，亲属和邻居的衰落假说只对那些在东海地区长大的人是正确的；友谊的兴起假说是错误的；但是，“中远距离朋友的数量只在本地随着城市化而增加”的假设仍然成立。因此，考虑到居民流动性的修正亚文化理论比原来的亚文化理论更适合。

The purpose of this study is to analyze systematically how community traits, especially urbanism, affect social networks. Prior to the research, ecological factorial analysis of Nagoya Metropolitan area was performed to construct a typology of the communities, from which five communities of different types were selected as research fields, where our survey research on personal networks was conducted. The findings are as follow : The number of kin decreased with urbanism only for those who had grown up within the Tokai region including Nagoya Metropolitan area, i.e.localites, mainly because of decreasing number of local kin with urbanism among them ; the number of neighbors also decreased with urbanism. This effect was most apparent among those male respondents who had grown up within the region ; the number of friends decreased with urbanism, only for the localites, because of decreasing number of local friends with urbanism among them. The number of middle-distant friends, however, increased with urbanism only for the localites. The number of long distant friends was not associated with urbanism. Instead, those who had grown up outside the region had more long distant friends than the localites, and the more educated the more having long distant friends.In sum, the decline of kin and neighbors hypothesis is true only for those who had grown up within the Tokai region ; the rise of friendship hypothesis is wrong ; but the hypothesis claiming that the number of middle distant friends increases with urbanism only among the localites is still maintained. Thus, the modified subcultural theory that takes residential mobility into account fits better than the original one.