Habitat Structure and Evolution of density-dependence ; with regard to evolutionary significance of Population fluctuation

栖息地结构和密度依赖性的演化；

• 批准号: 12440215
• 负责人: KAWATA Masakado
• 金额: $ 9.79万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12440215/
• 关键词: density dependence; habitat structure; population fluctuation; freshwater snails; 密度依存的性質; 遺伝的構造; 淡水産巻貝

We examined the growth and reproductive rates of freshwater snails, Physa acuta, in two habitat types. In the Asabata habitat, snails lived in isolated water pools, which occasionally joined to form a single large pool ; in the Kakegawa habitat, they lived in a slow-running water way. Genetic structure assessments using three microsatellite loci supports the idea that a stable panmictic population occupies the Kakegawa habitat ; whereas alternate mixing populations, with individuals interacting and reproducing within patches, but occasionally mixing within a large global population, occupy the Asabata habitat. Laboratory experiments, using snails collected from the two habitats, showed that juvenile snails grew faster, laid more eggs, and laid them earlier in the Asabata habitat than in the Kakegawa habitat. Growth rates were lower at high density than at low density in the Kakegawa habitat ; the inverse was true in the Asabata habitat. Density-dependent response of individual snail reproduction was the same for the two habitats. The results support the hypothesis that spatial structure affects the evolution of density-dependent growth rates and of timing for reproduction.

我们研究了生长和繁殖率的淡水螺，尖泡螺，在两种生境类型。在Asabata栖息地，蜗牛生活在孤立的水池中，这些水池偶尔会合并成一个大水池;在卡克川栖息地，它们生活在缓慢流动的水中。使用三个微卫星位点的遗传结构评估支持的想法，一个稳定的panmictic人口占据的卡克川栖息地，而交替混合人口，与个人互动和繁殖补丁内，但偶尔混合在一个大的全球人口，占据Asabata栖息地。实验室实验，使用从两个栖息地收集的蜗牛，表明幼螺生长更快，产卵更多，并在浅端栖息地比在卡克川栖息地更早地。生长率低，在高密度比在低密度的卡克川栖息地，相反的是真实的浅端栖息地。个体蜗牛繁殖的密度依赖性反应是相同的两个栖息地。结果支持的假设，空间结构影响的密度依赖的增长率和繁殖的时间的演变。

项目成果

Mikami, O.K., Kawata, M: "The effects of individual interaction and habitat preference on spatial structure in a grassland bird community"Ecography. 25. 200-214 (2002)

Mikami，O.K.，Kawata，M：“个体相互作用和栖息地偏好对草原鸟类群落空间结构的影响”生态学。

Kawata, M.: "The influence of neighborhood size and habitat shape on the accumulation of deleterious mutations"Journal of Theoretical Biology. 211. 187-199 (2001)

Kawata, M.：“邻里大小和栖息地形状对有害突变积累的影响”理论生物学杂志。

Borash,D.J.& Shimada,M: "Genetics of larval urea andammonia tolerance and cross-tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster."Heredity. (印刷中).

Borash, D.J. 和 Shimada, M：“黑腹果蝇幼虫尿素和氨耐受性和交叉耐受性的遗传学”。

Kristoffersen, A. B., Lingjaerde, O. C., Stenseth, N. C., Shimada, M.: "Nonparametric modelling of nonlinear density dependence : a three-species host-parasitoid systems"Journal of Animal Ecology. 70. 808-819 (2001)

Kristoffersen, A. B.、Lingjaerde, O. C.、Stenseth, N. C.、Shimada, M.：“非线性密度依赖性的非参数建模：三物种寄主-寄生系统”动物生态学杂志。

Kawata, M: "Invasion of vacant niches and subsequent sympatric speciation"Proccedings of the Royal Socity of London B. 269. 55-63 (2002)

Kawata, M：“空位的入侵和随后的同域物种形成”伦敦皇家学会学报 B. 269. 55-63 (2002)