Hormonal and pheromonal control of reproduction

研究了蝾螈Cynopus pyrrhogaster生殖行为的激素和信息素调控。在繁殖季节，雄性蝾螈表现出一种特殊的求偶行为;在雌性伴侣面前振动尾巴，释放吸引雌性的信息素（sodefrin）和精子包。尾振动被揭示是由催乳素（PRL）和雄激素诱导的。精氨酸缩血管素（AVT）通过Vla受体增强这种行为的表达。在这种情况下，PRL和AVT被证明是集中作用的。在PRL的情况下，该网站的行动被假定为神经元位于视前隐窝器官和/或漏斗背核的免疫反应性PRL受体丰富的AVT也诱导的sodefrin和精荚放电，大概是通过外周活动。合成sodefrin前体蛋白的泄殖腔腹腺被认为是由PRL和雄激素增强，因为sodefrin前体mRNA水平升高PRL和雄激素。女性蝾螈的犁鼻上皮sodefrin的responsiveness也被发现是在PRL和雌激素的控制下，从嗅觉电图反应判断。从C.无尾腹腺根据推导的蛋白质氨基酸序列，推测该蛋白质为类sodefrin信息素。ensicauda被认为是具有两个氨基酸残基取代的十肽。该信息素是从黑腹叶蝉的腹腺中分离得到的。并证实其生物活性的存在。信息素，指定silefrin，是有效的只对conspesific女性，在sodefrin的情况下，这表明蝾螈信息素是物种specifia。

Hormonal and pheromonal control of reproduction was investigated focusing on the hormones and pheromones involved in the expression of reproductive behavior in the newt, Cynopus pyrrhogaster. During the breeding season, the male newt exhibit a specific courtship behavior; vibration of the tail in front of the female partner discharge of a female-attracting pheromone (sodefrin) and deposition of spermatophores. The tail vibration was revealed to be induced by prolactin (PRL) and androgen. The expression of this behavior was enhanced by arginine vasotocin (AVT) via V la receptor. In this case, PRL and AVT were evidenced to act centrally. In the case of PRL, the site of action was postulated to be neurons situated in the preoptic recess organ and / or nucleus infundibularis dorsalis where immunoreactive PRL receptors are abundant AVT also induced the discharge of both sodefrin and spermatophore presumably by acting peripherally. Synthesis of sodefrin precursor protein in the abdominal gland of the cloaca was considered to be enhanced by PRL and androgen since sodefrin precursor mRNA levels were elevated by PRL and androgen. Responsiyeness of the vomeronasal epithelium of the female newt to sodefrin was also revealed to be under the control of PRL and estrogen as judged from electroolfactogram response. Sodefrin-precursor-like protein cDNA was obtained from a cDNA library of C. ensicauda abdominal gland. According to the deduced amino acid sequence of the protein, sodefrin-like pheromone of C. ensicauda was considered to be decapeptide with a substitution of two amino acid residues. This putative pheromone was isolated from the abdominal gland of C. ensicauda and presence of its bioactivity was confirmed. The pheromone, designated silefrin, was effective only on the conspesific female, as in the case of sodefrin, suggesting the newt pheromones are species-specifia.