Studies on the optimal order of green open spaces for sustainable urban fringe areas

大多数日本城市都有应用起源于欧洲和北美的现代城市规划概念的历史。一些城市确实成功地应用了这些概念，但在日本的许多情况下，结果通常被认为是混乱的景观。分割的农田和森林的城市边缘景观被认为是这些概念的不完整应用的结果，被认为是日本城市边缘地区混乱的象征。然而，在城市边缘地区的农田和森林功能，在保持该地区的生态完整性。本研究探讨都市边缘区绿色开放空间的生态功能，包括小气候调控、风景保育、野生动物保育等。小气候控制功能是指在盛夏炎热的日子里，农田和树林在降低周围居住区热量方面的作用。农田还可以改善人口密集的城市地区的景观， 关于我们 开放的感觉。被称为里山的树林是包括灰面鹫在内的野生动物的栖息地。研究还发现，住宅区内的分割农田不仅存在于现代城市边缘地区，而且在日本封建城市如江户（前东京）中已经存在。高尔夫球场和新城的人工种植绿地也是城市边缘地区必不可少的绿色开放空间。本研究探讨高尔夫球场之生态功能，包括保育野生动物及生物质能源，并探讨新市镇之线性绿色廊道之景观价值。本研究以菲律宾的大马尼拉和英国的伦敦为例，探讨了亚洲和欧洲国家城市边缘区的绿色开放空间。但应采用充分注意其生态功能的概念将其包括在内。少

Most Japanese cities have a history of applying modern urban planning concepts which originated in Europe and North America. Some cities did succeed in applying the concepts, but in many cases in Japan the results were generally perceived to be chaotic landscapes. Urban fringe landscapes with segmented farmlands and woods, which were seen to result from the incomplete application of these concepts, have been regarded as a symbol of disordered Japanese urban fringe areas. However, farmlands and woods in urban fringe areas function in maintaining the ecological integrity of the areas. This study identified ecological functions of such green open spaces in urban fringe areas including microclimate control, scenic conservation, and wildlife conservation. The microclimate control function is the effect of farmlands and woods in reducing the heat of surrounding residential areas during hot days in mid-summer. Farmlands also improve the landscape of densely inhabited urban areas by providing … More feelings of openness. Woods, know as satoyama, function as habitats for wildlife species including gray-faced buzzard. This study also identified that segmented patches of farmlands in residential areas are not only found in modern urban fringe areas, but can already be found in feudal Japanese cities as Edo, former Tokyo.Golf courses and artificially planted greens in new towns are also essential green open spaces found in urban fringe areas. This study identified ecological functions of golf courses including wildlife conservation and biomass energy resource, and also discussed the scenic values of linear green corridors in new towns. The study also discussed green open spaces in urban fringe areas of Asian and European countries by having Metro Manila, the Philippines, as an Asian case study, while London, UK, as that in Europe.All of the studies in this project suggest that landscape planning in Japanese urban fringe areas should not exclude farmlands, woods and golf courses, but should include them by applying a concept which pays full attention to their ecological functions. Less