Anthocyanin production in grape berries enhanced by ultraviolet irradiation and its analysis of action mechanism

在白色和紫外线荧光光下，生长的科尔曼间隙中的花青素开始累积48小时后，照明。72小时后，花青素集中在白光下，被市场上大量增加。在紫外线照明下，花青素也是一个与黑暗条件相关的潜在数量。由于白色和紫外线强度增加，花青素在研究中增加，但在花青素累积上增加了光的影响，在60微摩尔·m^<-2>·S^<-1>为白色和0.4 W·m^<-2>为紫外线。使用发光二极管发射特定的波长，并确定了花青素累积的作用谱。在可见光波长度上，蓝光大幅度增强的花青素累积，当绿色到较低范围的效果较小。紫外线-A和ABA处理对浆果颜色的影响与八种葡萄品种相比，红色类型（Aki Queen， Ruby Okuyama， Hiro Humbburg和Kaiji）和黑色类型（Campbell Early， Pione， Muscat Bailey A和Gros Colma） ... More （n）;在Gros Colman， Pione和Aki Quart grapes，花青素的最高水平被观察到与ABA一起治疗的集群，由UV-A和然后控制，在Hiro Humburg，它在UV-A高于ABA治疗。对于Okuyama Ruby，在集群中被ABA和UV-A治疗的花青素水平几乎相同。在PAL皮肤中发现了高含量的花青素。三种cDNA克隆体，编码苯丙氨酸氨裂解从葡萄（Vitis labruscana， cv Pione）皮肤通过RT-PCR和RACE-PCR方法进行了编码。三个基因的强烈表达和一个高水平的PAL活动在水果生长的早期阶段被检测到，并被跟踪水平的表达和活动的减少所遵循。当在白色类型的cultivars such作为Muscat的Alexandria基因表达和enzyme活动保留在跟踪水平下，在黑色类型的cultivars such作为Pione和Gros Colman在基因表达和enzyme活动期间的转录阶段被观察，与Anthecyanin合成相关联。基因表达和酶活性中的增加被ABA治疗中戏剧性地刺激了。Less（低）

Under white and UV fluorescent light, anthocyanins in Gros Colman gapes started to accumulate 48 hr after, illumination. After 72 hr, anthocyanin concentration was markedly increased by white light. Under UV lighting, a considerable amount of anthocyanins also accumulated relative to dark conditions. As white and UV light intensities increased, anthocyanins gradually increased, but promoting effect of light on anthocyanin accumulation was saturated at 60 μmol・m^<-2>・S^<-1> for white and 0.4 W・m^<-2> for UV. Using LEDs emitting specific wavelengths, the action spectrum for anthocyanin accumulation was determined. Among the visible light wavelengths, blue light largely enhanced anthocyanin accumulation, while the green to yellow range was less effective.The effects of UV-A and ABA treatments on berry coloration were compared among eight grape cultivars, the red type (Aki Queen, Ruby Okuyama, Hiro Humburg and Kaiji) and the black type (Campbell Early, Pione, Muscat Bailey A and Gros Colma … More n). In Gros Colman, Pione and Aki Quart grapes, the highest level of anthocyanin was observed in clusters treated with ABA, followed by UV-A and then controls, whereas in Hiro Humburg it was high in UV-A than ABA treatment. For Ruby Okuyama, anthocyanin level in clusters treated with ABA and UV-A was almost same. High content of anthocyanin resulted in high activity of PAL in the skin.Three cDNA clones, encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were isolated from grape (Vitis labruscana, cv Pione) skin by RT-PCR and RACE-PCR methods. A strong expression of the three genes and a high PAL activity was detected at early stage of fruit growth, followed by a reduction of the expression and activity to trace level at veraison. While in white type cultivars such as Muscat of Alexandria gene expression and enzyme activity remained at trace level during fruit ripening, in black type cultivar such as Pione and Gros Colman the increase in gene expression and enzyme activity during ripening stage were observed, correlating with anthecyanin synthesis. The increase in gene expression and enzyme activity were dramatically stimulated by ABA treatment at veraison. Less