Anthocyanin production in grape berries enhanced by ultraviolet irradiation and its analysis of action mechanism

紫外线照射促进葡萄浆果花青素产量及其作用机制分析

• 批准号: 12460016
• 负责人: KUBOTA Naohiro
• 金额: $ 9.09万
• 依托单位: OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12460016/
• 关键词: Grape; Berry coloration; Anthocyanin synthesis; Composition of anthocyanins; Ultraviolet; ABA; PAL activity; Gene expression; アントシアニン; 発光ダイオード; PAL; myb; 着色促進; PAL遺伝子; 発光ダイオード(LED); 紫外光; アントシアニン合成

Under white and UV fluorescent light, anthocyanins in Gros Colman gapes started to accumulate 48 hr after, illumination. After 72 hr, anthocyanin concentration was markedly increased by white light. Under UV lighting, a considerable amount of anthocyanins also accumulated relative to dark conditions. As white and UV light intensities increased, anthocyanins gradually increased, but promoting effect of light on anthocyanin accumulation was saturated at 60 μmol・m^<-2>・S^<-1> for white and 0.4 W・m^<-2> for UV. Using LEDs emitting specific wavelengths, the action spectrum for anthocyanin accumulation was determined. Among the visible light wavelengths, blue light largely enhanced anthocyanin accumulation, while the green to yellow range was less effective.The effects of UV-A and ABA treatments on berry coloration were compared among eight grape cultivars, the red type (Aki Queen, Ruby Okuyama, Hiro Humburg and Kaiji) and the black type (Campbell Early, Pione, Muscat Bailey A and Gros Colma … More n). In Gros Colman, Pione and Aki Quart grapes, the highest level of anthocyanin was observed in clusters treated with ABA, followed by UV-A and then controls, whereas in Hiro Humburg it was high in UV-A than ABA treatment. For Ruby Okuyama, anthocyanin level in clusters treated with ABA and UV-A was almost same. High content of anthocyanin resulted in high activity of PAL in the skin.Three cDNA clones, encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were isolated from grape (Vitis labruscana, cv Pione) skin by RT-PCR and RACE-PCR methods. A strong expression of the three genes and a high PAL activity was detected at early stage of fruit growth, followed by a reduction of the expression and activity to trace level at veraison. While in white type cultivars such as Muscat of Alexandria gene expression and enzyme activity remained at trace level during fruit ripening, in black type cultivar such as Pione and Gros Colman the increase in gene expression and enzyme activity during ripening stage were observed, correlating with anthecyanin synthesis. The increase in gene expression and enzyme activity were dramatically stimulated by ABA treatment at veraison. Less

在白色和紫外荧光灯下，光照48小时后，大科尔曼花色素苷开始积累。72小时后，白色光使花色素苷浓度显著增加。在紫外光照射下，相对于黑暗条件，也积累了相当数量的花青素。随着白色和紫外光强度的增加，花青苷含量逐渐增加，但光照对花青苷积累的促进作用在白色为60 μmol·m^<-2>·S^<-1>和紫外光为0.4 W·m^<-2>时达到饱和。利用发光二极管发射特定波长，确定了花青素积累的作用光谱。在可见光波段中，蓝光显著促进了花色素苷的积累，而绿色至黄色波段的影响较小。比较了UV-A和阿坝处理对8个葡萄品种果实着色的影响，这些品种为红色型（阿基皇后、奥山红宝石、弘亨堡和凯吉）和黑色型（坎贝尔早、皮翁、麝香贝利A和格罗斯科尔马 ...更多信息 n）。在Gros Colman、Pione和阿基夸特葡萄中，观察到阿坝处理的葡萄簇中花青素苷含量最高，其次是UV-A处理，然后是对照，而在Hiro Humburg中，UV-A处理的花青素苷含量高于阿坝处理。奥山红宝石经阿坝和UV-A处理后，花色素苷含量变化不大。采用RT-PCR和RACE-PCR方法，从葡萄（葡萄属Labruscana，cv Pione）果皮中分离到3个苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因的cDNA克隆。这三个基因在果实生长初期都有较强的表达和较高的PAL活性，到果实成熟时表达量和PAL活性都下降到微量水平。而在白色型品种，如亚历山大的麝香，基因表达和酶活性保持在微量水平在果实成熟期间，在黑色型品种，如Pione和Gros Colman，基因表达和酶活性的增加，在成熟期观察到，与花青苷合成。阿坝处理显著促进了基因表达和酶活性的增加。少