Breaking bud dormancy in grapevines with some allium plants, and their effective components

部分葱类植物打破葡萄芽休眠及其有效成分

• 批准号: 62560029
• 负责人: KUBOTA Naohiro
• 金额: $ 1.47万
• 依托单位: Okayama University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62560029/
• 关键词: Grapevine; Bud dormancy; Budbreak; Garlic; Allium plants; Volatile substances; Effective components for breaking; 打破の機構; 呼吸; エタノール; 植物ホルモン; 揮発性物質; 含硫化合物

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of several allium plants including garlic on budbreak of grapevines, and their effective components for breaking dormancy. Some physiological changes in the cuttings treated with sprouting-promoter were also investigated.In many vine cultivars, budbreak was more promoted in painting with garlic juice on the cane sections than in ones with calcium cyanamide and merit solution(foliar applicator) on the canes. Same results were also obtained for vapor method of garlic. Painting and/or vapor method with some other allium plants on vines as well as garlic promoted budbreak. Etiolated Chinese chive and rakkyo plants in particular showed a significant effect on budbreak.Many volatile substances, such as diallyl monosulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, diallyl tetrasulfide, etc., were contained in garlic. Diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide were predominant sulfur-containing compounds in the garlic. Chinese chive and rakkyo plants also contained many sulfur-containing compounds, but they could not identify. When several sulfurcontaining compounds were painted on the cane sections, budbreak was promoted in dimethyll disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, and diallyl disulfide. Whereas in the vapor method with them, diallyl trisulfide and diallyl disulfide showed a significant effect on budbreak. From these results, it seems that the effective components for breaking contained in garlic are diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide which is volatile sulfur-containing compounds. However, the effective components in Chinese chive and rakkyo plants could not clear.The cytokinin content in the cuttings was larger in the canes treated with these substances than in untreated ones, but any difference in O_2 consumption and ethanol content in the buds, and ABA content in the canes between the plots was not observed.

本研究的目的是确定包括大蒜在内的几种葱属植物对葡萄树发芽的影响，及其打破休眠的有效成分。还调查了用促芽剂处理过的插条的一些生理变化。 在许多藤蔓品种中，在藤茎节上喷洒大蒜汁比在藤茎上喷洒氰氨化钙和麦德溶液（叶面施药器）更能促进发芽。大蒜的气相法也得到了相同的结果。对藤蔓上的一些其他葱属植物以及大蒜进行涂漆和/或蒸汽法可促进发芽。尤其是黄化韭菜和韭菜对发芽效果显着。大蒜中含有多种挥发性物质，如二烯丙基一硫化物、二烯丙基二硫化物、二烯丙基三硫化物、二烯丙基四硫化物等。二烯丙基二硫化物和二烯丙基三硫化物是大蒜中主要的含硫化合物。中国韭菜和韭菜中也含有许多含硫化合物，但他们无法识别。当在甘蔗部分涂上几种含硫化合物时，二甲基二硫醚、二烯丙基三硫醚和二烯丙基二硫醚促进了发芽。而在气相法中，二烯丙基三硫化物和二烯丙基二硫化物对发芽表现出显着的影响。从这些结果看来，大蒜中所含的有效分解成分是二烯丙基二硫化物和二烯丙基三硫化物，它们是挥发性含硫化合物。但韭菜和韭菜中的有效成分未能清除。经这些物质处理的茎插条中细胞分裂素含量高于未处理的茎，但各小区之间的O_2消耗量和芽中乙醇含量以及茎中ABA含量没有观察到差异。