DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF LIGHTS FOR GRAPE GROWING UNDER STRUCTURE

通过试验，研制了660 nm（LED 660）和450 nm（LED 450）发光二极管灯及LED 660和LED 450组合灯，用LED 660和LED 660 +450长日照处理，刺激皮奥内葡萄花原基的新梢生长和分化。从上级枝条生长和束分化的优势来看，长日照处理对先锋的效果最好，其次是达沃和亚历山大的麝香。自然日照越短，长日照处理的效果越大，与使用的灯无关。为了评估在生长条件下的额外光照，商业化的皮奥内葡萄被一个种植者Iux保存到长日照。长日照处理对葡萄生长和果实产量有明显的促进作用，尤其是在一年两次采收的条件下，UV-A辐射对葡萄果皮花色素苷积累的影响因品种而异。在商品玻璃房中生长的格罗斯科尔曼葡萄的浆果粉末用UV-A照射12周，从Veraison开始收获，UV-A增强了果皮中花色苷的积累，白色也是促进的，但效果不如UV-A，果皮中PAL（L-苯丙氨酸解氨酶）活性在UV-A照射后立即显著升高。不同品种的葡萄在紫外线照射下，果皮中的花色苷成分发生了变化。通过遗传分析，认为myb 11、PAL 5和PAL 14基因可能调控果皮花青苷的合成

The lamps of light emmitting diode of 660nm (LED660) and 450nm (LED450) and a lamp comdined LED660 and LED450 were manufactured by way of trial experiment Long-day Treatment by LED660 and LED660+450 stimuIated the shoot growth and differentiaton of flower primcrdium inPione' grapes Long-day treatments were conducted in three grape cuItivars by lamps of siIica, red and plant-lux under three different conditions day-Iength Judging from the superior shoot growth and bunch differentiation, Iong-day treatment was the most effective in Pione', foIIowed in Ddaware', and 'Muscat of Aiexandria' The shorter the natural daylength, the larger was the effectiveness of long-day treatment irrespective of lamps used. To evaIuate an additional Iighting under growing conditons, commerciaI Pione' grapes were kept to long-day by a Piant-Iux. Long-day treatment was effective in vine growth and berry production, especiaIIy in a twice- a-year harvesting system.Effect of UV-A illumination on anthocyanin accumulation in skin of grapebemes varied wideIy among tha cuItivars. When berry dusters of Gros Colman' grape grown in a commerciaI gIass house were iIIuminated by UV-A for ii weeks from Veraison to harvest UV-A enhanced accumuIation of anthocyanin in the skin White hight was 'aIso promotive, but the Effectiveness was consideradIy Iess than UV-A PAL(L-phenyIaIanine ammonia-Iyase) activity in the skin markedIy rose Just after UV-A iII umination. Anthocyanin constituents in the skin were changed by UV-A iII umination , aIthough depending on the grape cultivars. Based on the genetic analysis, it Was thought that the genes of myb 11, PAL 5and PAL 14 may reguIate the synthesis of anthocyanin in berry skin