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Parllel and multiple integration mechanisms of motor segments related to the control of posture and locomotion by the newly identified cerebellar locomotor region

新发现的小脑运动区与姿势和运动控制相关的运动节段的并行和多重整合机制

基本信息

批准号：
12480247
负责人：
MORI Shigemi
金额：
$ 9.41万
依托单位：
Natiomal Institute for Physiological Scienes
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Intact adult cats and juvenile Japanese monkeys (M. fuscata) were the subject of this study. In cats, a stimulating microelectrode was implanted targeting cerebellar locomotor region (CLR), which corresponds anatomically to the midline of hook bundle of Russel, through which multiple ascending and descending fastigiofugal fibers decussate. In an unrestrained, awake cat, a train pulse CLR microstimulation (200 Hz) evoked fore- and hindlimb well coordinated quadrupedal (Q) locomotion. After making a microlesion at the CLR site, the cat could still walk spontaneously but with considerably impaired coordination of fore- and hindlimb movements. We consider that CLR stimulation resulted in an activation of multiple fastigiofugal fibers descending bilaterally to the brainstem, thus simultaneously exciting cells of origin of major descending motor pathways, and that CLR lesion interrupted transmission of locomotor driving signals originating from the fastigial nucleus (FN) to locomotor-related brainstem-spinal cord mechanisms. In a single monkey walking either quadrupedally or bipedally, we have identified active brain regions by PET. During execution of Q and bipedal (B) locomotion task, we found that neuronal activities at multiple but different brain regions of the cerebellum, visual and motor cortices were enhanced. The results demonstrated that functional significance of visuomotor coordination is stronger during execution of B locomotion than that during execution of Q locomotion, and that in the latter, the cerebellum plays a major role. Based on the results obtained, we propose a new working hypotheis that the FN, with it s unique multiple and parallel output pathways, is one of the supraspinal centers involved in the initiation and control of 0 and B locomotion in both cat and monkey.

完整的成年猫和幼年日本猴（M. fuscata）是本研究的对象。在猫中，植入刺激微电极，靶向小脑运动区（小脑运动区），该区域在解剖学上对应于Russel钩束的中线，多个上升和下降的离顶纤维交叉穿过该区域。在一只不受约束的清醒猫中，一个火车脉冲微刺激（200 Hz）诱发了前肢和后肢协调良好的四足（Q）运动。在CLR部位造成微损伤后，猫仍然可以自发行走，但前肢和后肢运动的协调性严重受损。我们认为，小脑顶核的刺激导致多个fastigiofugal纤维的激活下降双侧脑干，从而同时兴奋细胞的起源主要下行运动通路，和小脑顶核病变中断传输的运动驱动信号起源于小脑顶核（FN）的运动相关的脑干脊髓机制。在一只四足或两足行走的猴子身上，我们已经通过PET确定了活跃的大脑区域。在执行Q和双足（B）运动任务期间，我们发现小脑、视觉和运动皮质的多个但不同的脑区的神经元活动增强。结果表明，在执行B运动时，视觉协调的功能意义比执行Q运动时强，而在执行Q运动时，小脑起主要作用。基于这些结果，我们提出了一个新的工作假设，即FN是参与猫和猴0和B运动起始和控制的脊髓上中枢之一，具有独特的多条平行输出通路。