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Basic study in artificial pancreas using encapsulated islets as blood glucose measurement and control system

封装胰岛作为血糖测控系统的人工胰腺基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
12480258
负责人：
DOHI Takeyoshi
金额：
$ 4.54万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12480258/
关键词：
artificial pancreas encapsulated islet of Langerhans mechanical artificial pancreas insulin hybrid pancreas glucose Biomedical simulation 人口膵臓

项目摘要

Artificial pancreas (artificial βcell) is divided into two categories, namely mechanical artificial pancreas which uses mechanical insulin infusion pump, and bio-artificial (hybrid) pancreas using encapsulated islets of Langerhans. Mechanical artificial pancreas is subdivided into a closed loop control system that uses glucose sensing system and an open loop system that does not use glucose sensing system. In case of mechanical artificial pancreas, open loop control system that infuses insulin according to pre-programmed pattern without glucose sensing does not provide good control of blood glucose level. Although the closed loop system can control blood glucose level well by infusing appropriate amount of insulin based on the measurement of the patient's glucose level, the longevity of the currently available implantable glucose sensor limits the duration of continuous usage. Also the drift of the sensor might lead to the deterioration of control quality. On the other hand, bio-artificial (hybrid) pancreas uses living islet of Langerhans harvested from an animal such as pig for control and measurement of blood glucose level of a patient. However, in order to apply this method to human, amount of required islet is very large. The accumulation of implanted encapsulated islet in body might do harm in long term application. In this study, we proposed a novel artificial pancreas where open loop mechanical artificial pancreas provides most of the insulin required in accordance with the pre-programmed pattern and encapsulated islet of Langerhans function as a measurement and control system for the remaining errors that cannot be controlled by the open loop system. The feasibility of this new system was confirmed by computer simulation study and preliminary animal experiment.

人工胰腺（人工β细胞）分为两类，即使用机械胰岛素输注泵的机械人工胰腺和使用包封胰岛的生物人工（混合）胰腺。机械式人工胰腺分为使用葡萄糖传感系统的闭环控制系统和不使用葡萄糖传感系统的开环系统。在机械人工胰腺的情况下，根据预编程模式输注胰岛素而没有葡萄糖感测的开环控制系统不能提供对血糖水平的良好控制。虽然闭环系统可以通过基于患者葡萄糖水平的测量输注适量的胰岛素来很好地控制血糖水平，但是当前可用的可植入葡萄糖传感器的寿命限制了连续使用的持续时间。此外，传感器的漂移可能导致控制质量的恶化。另一方面，生物人工（混合）胰腺使用从动物如猪收集的活胰岛来控制和测量患者的血糖水平。然而，为了将该方法应用于人类，所需的胰岛的量非常大。长期应用时，植入的包膜胰岛在体内蓄积，可能造成不良后果。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种新的人工胰腺，开环机械人工胰腺提供了大部分所需的胰岛素按照预先编程的模式和封装胰岛功能作为测量和控制系统的其余错误，不能控制的开环系统。计算机模拟研究和初步动物实验证实了这种新系统的可行性。