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Comparative Study on the Reception of Darwinism

达尔文主义接受情况的比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
12490020
负责人：
SAKAGAMI Takashi
金额：
$ 4.42万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12490020/
关键词：
Evolutionism Darwinism Sociobiology Eugenics Race Darwin Spencer Lamarck 利他心偶然性

项目摘要

Since the publication of Darwin's The Origin of Species, evolutionism has produced great effects on various fields. First of all, in contrast witli the ancient natural history which was exclusively preoccupied with the static classification of species, it has given rise to a dynamic comprehension of life based on the principles such as "struggle of existence" or "natural selection". It has not only limited itself to a mere biological theory ; but contributed greatly to the paradigm shift in human and social sciences such as philosophy, psychology, economics, sociology, anthropology, etc. And with the term of "social Darwinism", we already know much about its ideological application to the explication and the justification of social and political phenomena. Organized with several researchers working on different specific topics, our research aimed basically to explore such interdisciplinary and multidimensional impact of evolutionism.One of the essential understandings we have finally o … More btained is that evolutional concepts sometimes have contradictory ambiguity. Capitalists and socialists remain both to be evolutionist, for example, attaching the opposite meaning to the idea of struggle of existence. This is partly because evolutionary thought had drawn its inspiration not only from Darwin, but from various authors. Though much is not mentioned to him in our time, Spencer had great theoretical influence in the late nineteenth century : his system includes various disciplines which encompass from metaphysics to social theory. Preceding half a century to Darwin, Lamarck had developed in France his own evolutionary thought, with the emphasis on the inheritance of acquired characters and the internal force of evolution. And it is well known that the author of The Origin of Species owed much to Malthus and his political economy theory on population. Thus evolutionism consists essentially in the complicated assemblage of knowledge which has reciprocating action by the term of metaphors and analogies, among several disciplines, or between science and society. In this intellectual process, there has sometimes been misunderstandings and theoretical distortions which we made efforts to describe in our research. Less

自达尔文的《物种起源》出版以来，进化论在各个领域产生了巨大的影响。首先，与古代博物学完全专注于静态的物种分类相反，它已经产生了基于“生存斗争”或“自然选择”等原则的动态生命理解。它不仅局限于一个单纯的生物学理论，而且极大地促进了哲学、心理学、经济学、社会学、人类学等人文社会科学的范式转变。随着“社会达尔文主义”一词的出现，我们已经知道了它在解释和证明社会和政治现象方面的意识形态应用。我们的研究由几位研究人员组成，他们从事不同的具体主题，我们的研究基本上旨在探索进化论的这种跨学科和多方面的影响。 ...更多信息得出的结论是，进化概念有时具有矛盾的模糊性。资本主义者和社会主义者仍然都是进化论者，例如，对生存斗争的概念赋予相反的含义。这部分是因为进化论思想的灵感不仅来自达尔文，还来自许多作家。虽然我们这个时代对斯宾塞的了解不多，但他在世纪后期有着巨大的理论影响：他的体系包括从形而上学到社会理论的各种学科。早在达尔文之前的半个世纪，拉马克就在法国发展了自己的进化论思想，强调后天性状的遗传和进化的内在力量。众所周知，《物种起源》的作者深受马尔萨斯及其人口政治经济学理论的影响。因此，进化论本质上在于知识的复杂集合，这些知识通过隐喻和类比在几个学科之间或在科学与社会之间具有往复作用。在这一知识过程中，有时会出现误解和理论扭曲，我们在研究中努力加以描述。少