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Experimental study on liquefaction mechanism by means of micro-mechanical method.

微力学方法液化机理实验研究。

基本信息

批准号：
12555156
负责人：
KOMATSU Toshiko
金额：
$ 5.89万
依托单位：
Saitama University (2002)Hiroshima University (2000-2001)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12555156/
关键词：
VOCs Pesticide PAHs Adsorption-desorption onto soil Diffusion in soil Fate prediction model Micro-column method Retardation factor 土壌吸着・離脱

项目摘要

The purpose of this research is to develop improved measurement methods and prediction models for transport and fate of environmental impact chemicals. The major research accomplishments can be grouped into 6 sections as follows.1. New method for measuring chemical transport and retardation using minimal amounts of measurement time, chemical and soil : High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) based soil micro-column methods for measuring the transport and sorption of multiple environmental impact chemicals have been developed.2. Improved methods for measuring and predicting diffusive transport of water-dissolved chemicals in undisturbed soil : A new method, called the undisturbed half-cell (UHC) method, for measuring the solute diffusion coefficient in undisturbed soil has been developed and verified for different Japanese and European soils.3. Identification of important transport processes for adsorbing chemicals in undisturbed and macro-porous soils : Small soil particles and o … More rganic macromolecules have been shown to be mobile and able to act as carriers for adsorbed chemicals. Such particle-bound chemical transport can cause enhanced leaching of chemicals and nutrients through the soil.4. New knowledge on the main chemical adsorption and diffusion processes in unsaturated soil systems : A comprehensive transport-fate model for a volatile organic chemical, covering both water-phase and air-phase chemical diffusion, chemical vapor sorption and hydrophobic chemical sorption, has been developed.5. Identification of links between chemical fate processes including sorption time-dependency, internal diffusion and biodegradation : Sorption of pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been investigated. Improved conceptual models for adsorption-desorption non-singularity (hysteresis) and sorption time-dependency (kinetics), based on internal diffusion concepts, have been proposed.6. Improved, soil type dependent models to predict the major transport parameters in the soil air phase : New models to predict gas diffusivity and gas permeability in soils, as a function of soil-water content and soil type (including pore size distribution parameters), have been developed and successfully verified against data for more than 50 Japanese and European soils. Less

本研究的目的是开发改进的测量方法和预测模型，用于环境影响化学品的运输和归宿。主要研究成果可分为以下六部分： 1．使用最少量的测量时间、化学品和土壤来测量化学品传输和阻滞的新方法：已经开发出基于高效液相色谱（HPLC）的土壤微柱方法，用于测量多种环境影响化学品的传输和吸附。2．测量和预测原状土壤中水溶性化学物质扩散传输的改进方法：一种称为原状半电池（UHC）方法的新方法，用于测量原状土壤中的溶质扩散系数，已经开发出来，并针对不同的日本和欧洲土壤进行了验证。3。确定在原状和大孔土壤中吸附化学物质的重要运输过程：小土壤颗粒和有机大分子已被证明是可移动的，并且能够作为吸附化学物质的载体。这种颗粒结合的化学物质传输会导致化学物质和养分通过土壤的淋滤增强。4．关于非饱和土壤系统中主要化学吸附和扩散过程的新知识：开发了一种挥发性有机化学品的综合迁移归宿模型，涵盖水相和气相化学扩散、化学蒸气吸附和疏水化学吸附。5．识别化学归宿过程之间的联系，包括吸附时间依赖性、内部扩散和生物降解：对农药和多环芳烃 (PAH) 的吸附进行了研究。基于内部扩散概念，提出了吸附-解吸非奇异性（滞后）和吸附时间依赖性（动力学）的改进概念模型。6．改进的、依赖于土壤类型的模型来预测土壤空气相中的主要传输参数：作为土壤含水量和土壤类型（包括孔径分布参数）的函数，预测土壤中气体扩散性和透气性的新模型已经开发出来，并根据 50 多种日本和欧洲土壤的数据成功进行了验证。较少的