Experimental study on liquefaction mechanism by means of micro-mechanical method.

这项研究的目的是开发改进的环境影响化学品运输和去向的测量方法和预测模型。主要研究成果可归纳为以下6个部分。利用最少的测量时间、化学物质和土壤，测量化学物质迁移和滞留的新方法：基于高效液相色谱(HPLC)的土壤微柱方法已经发展起来，用于测量多种环境影响化学品的迁移和吸附。原状土壤中水溶化学物质扩散运移测量和预测方法的改进：一种测量原状土壤中溶质扩散系数的新方法，称为原状半电池(UHC)法，已经被开发出来，并在日本和欧洲的不同土壤中得到了验证。原状土壤和大孔道土壤中吸附化学物质的重要运输过程的识别：小土壤颗粒和o…更多的有机大分子已被证明是可移动的，并能够作为吸附的化学物质的载体。这种颗粒结合的化学运移会导致化学物质和养分在土壤中的淋失增加。对非饱和土壤系统中主要的化学吸附和扩散过程有了新的认识：建立了一个包括水相和气相化学扩散、化学汽相吸附和疏水化学吸附的挥发性有机化合物的综合运移-归宿模型。研究了化学归宿过程之间的联系，包括吸附时间依赖性、内扩散和生物降解：农药和多环芳烃(PAHs)的吸附。提出了基于内扩散概念的吸附-解吸非奇异性(滞后)和吸附时间依赖性(动力学)的概念模型。改进的土壤类型相关模型用于预测土壤气相中的主要运移参数：已开发出新的模型来预测土壤中气体的扩散系数和气体渗透率，作为土壤水分含量和土壤类型(包括孔隙分布参数)的函数，并成功地用50多个日本和欧洲土壤的数据进行了验证。较少

The purpose of this research is to develop improved measurement methods and prediction models for transport and fate of environmental impact chemicals. The major research accomplishments can be grouped into 6 sections as follows.1. New method for measuring chemical transport and retardation using minimal amounts of measurement time, chemical and soil : High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) based soil micro-column methods for measuring the transport and sorption of multiple environmental impact chemicals have been developed.2. Improved methods for measuring and predicting diffusive transport of water-dissolved chemicals in undisturbed soil : A new method, called the undisturbed half-cell (UHC) method, for measuring the solute diffusion coefficient in undisturbed soil has been developed and verified for different Japanese and European soils.3. Identification of important transport processes for adsorbing chemicals in undisturbed and macro-porous soils : Small soil particles and o … More rganic macromolecules have been shown to be mobile and able to act as carriers for adsorbed chemicals. Such particle-bound chemical transport can cause enhanced leaching of chemicals and nutrients through the soil.4. New knowledge on the main chemical adsorption and diffusion processes in unsaturated soil systems : A comprehensive transport-fate model for a volatile organic chemical, covering both water-phase and air-phase chemical diffusion, chemical vapor sorption and hydrophobic chemical sorption, has been developed.5. Identification of links between chemical fate processes including sorption time-dependency, internal diffusion and biodegradation : Sorption of pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been investigated. Improved conceptual models for adsorption-desorption non-singularity (hysteresis) and sorption time-dependency (kinetics), based on internal diffusion concepts, have been proposed.6. Improved, soil type dependent models to predict the major transport parameters in the soil air phase : New models to predict gas diffusivity and gas permeability in soils, as a function of soil-water content and soil type (including pore size distribution parameters), have been developed and successfully verified against data for more than 50 Japanese and European soils. Less