Experimental study on liquefaction mechanism by means of micro-mechanical method.

本研究的目的是开发改进的测量方法和预测模型的迁移和归宿的环境影响化学品。主要研究成果可归纳为以下六个部分.利用最少的测量时间、最少的化学物质和土壤测量化学物质迁移和阻滞的新方法：开发了基于高效液相色谱（HPLC）的土壤微柱方法，用于测量多种环境影响化学物质的迁移和吸附.改进的方法来测量和预测水溶解的化学物质在原状土壤中的扩散传输：一种新的方法，称为原状半电池（UHC）方法，用于测量溶质扩散系数在原状土壤中已经开发和验证不同的日本和欧洲土壤.在未扰动和大孔隙土壤中吸附化学物质的重要传输过程的识别：小土壤颗粒和O ...更多信息 有机大分子已经显示出是移动的并且能够作为吸附的化学品的载体。这种与颗粒结合的化学品迁移可导致化学品和养分通过土壤的沥滤增加。对非饱和土壤系统中主要化学吸附和扩散过程的新认识：建立了一个挥发性有机化学品的综合迁移-归宿模型，包括水相和气相化学扩散、化学气相吸附和疏水化学吸附.确定化学归宿过程之间的联系，包括吸附时间依赖性，内部扩散和生物降解：农药和多环芳烃（PAHs）的吸附进行了研究。提出了基于内扩散概念的吸附-解吸非奇异性（滞后）和吸附时间依赖性（动力学）的改进概念模型。改进的，土壤类型依赖的模型，以预测在土壤空气相的主要运输参数：新的模型来预测气体扩散率和气体渗透性的土壤，作为土壤水分含量和土壤类型（包括孔径分布参数）的函数，已经开发并成功地验证了对50多个日本和欧洲土壤的数据。少

The purpose of this research is to develop improved measurement methods and prediction models for transport and fate of environmental impact chemicals. The major research accomplishments can be grouped into 6 sections as follows.1. New method for measuring chemical transport and retardation using minimal amounts of measurement time, chemical and soil : High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) based soil micro-column methods for measuring the transport and sorption of multiple environmental impact chemicals have been developed.2. Improved methods for measuring and predicting diffusive transport of water-dissolved chemicals in undisturbed soil : A new method, called the undisturbed half-cell (UHC) method, for measuring the solute diffusion coefficient in undisturbed soil has been developed and verified for different Japanese and European soils.3. Identification of important transport processes for adsorbing chemicals in undisturbed and macro-porous soils : Small soil particles and o … More rganic macromolecules have been shown to be mobile and able to act as carriers for adsorbed chemicals. Such particle-bound chemical transport can cause enhanced leaching of chemicals and nutrients through the soil.4. New knowledge on the main chemical adsorption and diffusion processes in unsaturated soil systems : A comprehensive transport-fate model for a volatile organic chemical, covering both water-phase and air-phase chemical diffusion, chemical vapor sorption and hydrophobic chemical sorption, has been developed.5. Identification of links between chemical fate processes including sorption time-dependency, internal diffusion and biodegradation : Sorption of pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been investigated. Improved conceptual models for adsorption-desorption non-singularity (hysteresis) and sorption time-dependency (kinetics), based on internal diffusion concepts, have been proposed.6. Improved, soil type dependent models to predict the major transport parameters in the soil air phase : New models to predict gas diffusivity and gas permeability in soils, as a function of soil-water content and soil type (including pore size distribution parameters), have been developed and successfully verified against data for more than 50 Japanese and European soils. Less