Studies on Source Control Techniques for Indoor Air Pollution by Gaseous Chemical Substances

近年来，住宅中各种有毒有害气体化学物质造成的室内空气污染已日益成为一个严重的社会问题。这一问题可能源于各种各样的原因，如建筑材料、油漆、家具、无通风的燃烧加热器等。我们在这里报道的研究有以下目标：1)建立环境室减排技术的评估方法；2)确定建筑材料、天然树脂油涂料、家具和无排气燃烧加热器的气体化学物质排放率；3)确定家用空气净化器、臭氧除臭剂和烘烤等减排技术对气体化学物质水平的去除效果。从我们的研究中得出以下结论和讨论：1。用环境箱法测定和评价。研究了国际标准化组织（ISO）和美国环境保护署（EPA）对吲哚类化学物质测定方法的现状，建立了一种环境箱对缓释器具和器具的测定和评价方法。气体化学物质从建筑元素中释放出来。结果表明，天然树脂油涂料和胶粘剂的排放率低于油性涂料和化学胶粘剂。在气态化学物质中，室内陈设中甲醛、甲苯、1,2,4 -三甲苯的排放率很高。我们的研究结果表明，建筑材料中的甲醛和挥发性有机化合物既会排放到有人居住的空间，也会排放到无人居住的空间，如阁楼、地板下等。气体化学物质从无排气的燃烧加热器的排放率。煤油辐射加热器总VOC排放率为146 ~ 172 ml/kg。对流煤油加热器的排放量为115 ~ 466 ml/kg。煤油风扇加热器的排放量为280 ~ 852 ml/kg。此外，耐热涂料的总挥发性有机化合物排放量非常高。家用空气净化器对气态化学物质的去除效果。结果表明，采用活性炭或化学吸附过滤器的家用空气净化器，甲醛的ECAR值为8.10 ~ 19.9 m^3/h， VOCs的ECAR值为6.72 ~ 26.0 m^3/h。臭氧除臭剂对气态化学物质的去除效果。本研究无法确定除臭剂、空气净化器等臭氧催化剂设备对VOC的去除效果。结果表明，臭氧催化反应可生成甲醛和乙醛。烘培效果的实验研究。结果表明，在38℃温度下烘烤72 h后，甲醛释放率降低了6.5 ~ 56%，总VOC含量降低了7.4 ~ 40%。建立了烘烤后室内气体化学物质浓度的准确预测方法。该理论模型是用质量平衡模型推导出来的。少

Indoor air pollution from a variety of toxic and hazardous gaseous chemical substances in dwellings have in recent years become increasingly recognized as a serious social problem. This problem can stem from a wide variety of sources, such as building materials, paints, furniture, unvented combustion heaters etc.The studies we reported here were carried out with there goals : 1) to establish an evaluation method for mitigation techniques with an environmental chamber, 2) to determine the emission rates of gaseous chemical substances from building materials, natural resin-oil paints, furnishings, and unvented combustion heaters, 3) to determine the removal effects of mitigation techniques, such as domestic air cleaners, ozone deodorizers and bake-out on gaseous chemical substances levels.The following results and discussions were drawn from the our studies :1. Determination and evaluation by an environmental chamber method.This study investigated the current of measuring method for indo … More or chemical substances by ISO and EPA, to establish the determination and evaluation method used with an environmental chamber for the mitigation appliances and utensils.2. The emission of gaseous chemical substances from building elements.Results showed that the emission rates of natural resin-oil paints and adhesive were lower than those of oil paints and chemical adhesives.Among gaseous chemical substances, the emission rates of formaldehyde, toluene, 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene from furnishings were very high.Our results showed that formaldehyde and VOC from building materials were emitted into occupied spaces as well as unoccupied spaces, such as attics, under floors and so on.3. The emission rates of gaseous chemical substances from unvented combustion heaters.The emission rates of total VOC from radiant kerosene heaters were 146 〜 172 ml/kg. Convective kerosene heaters emitted 115 〜 466 ml/kg. Kerosene fan-heaters emitted 280 〜 852 ml/kg.Also, total VOC emissions from heat-resisting paints were very high.4. The removal effects of domestic air cleaners on gaseous chemical substances.Results showed that the ECAR(Equivalent Clean Air Rates) of formaldehyde was 8.10〜19.9 m^3/h and VOCs one was 6.72〜26.0 m^3/h in the case of domestic air cleaners with activated carbon or chemical sorbent filters.5. The removal effects of ozone deodorizer on gaseous chemical substances.This study could not determine the removal effects of ozone catalyst equipment, such as deodorizers and air cleaners on VOC.Moreover, result showed that formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were generated from ozone catalyst reactions.6. Experimental study on effects of bake-out.Results showed that the emission rate of formaldehyde was decreased by 6.5〜56% and total VOC levels was decreased by 7.4〜40% after bake-out at a temperature of 38℃ for a 72-hour period. We have also established an exact prediction method for gaseous chemical substance concentrations indoors after bake-out. This theoretical model was derived with a mass balance model. Less