Preparation/production and Utilization Researches of Terpenoidal Plant-growth Stimulants and Other Bioactive Substances with High Bioactivity.

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1.Preparation of Highly Bioactive Fusicoccin Derivatives by Reverse-order Semi-synthesisWe have succeeded in obtaining 19/20-fluorofusicoccins quite efficiently by synthesizing 19/20-fluoro derivatives of fusicocca-2,10(14)-diene, a genuine biosynthetic intermediate of fusicoccins, and then feeding them into the fusicoccin-producing fungus for metabolic transformations. We named this novel process a "Reverse-order Semi-synthesis", as the approach deviates reversely from typical semi-synthesis insofar as purely chemical steps are followed by biochemical transformations.2.Finding of New Fusicoccin-producing Fungi in Japan and Gram-scale Production of FusicossinsWe found peach Fusicoccum canker fungi (Phomopsis amygdali Niigata) as the first fusicoccin-producing fungi in Japan, and selected its Niigata 74 strain as one of the highest fusicoccin-productive strains. This strain in a commercial sugar-soybean meal medium produced fusicoccin A and 3'-deacetylfusicoccin A (each 0.4 g/L) for its one-week cultivation or only 3'-deacetylfusicoccin A (0.9g/L) for its 2-week cultivation.3.Isolation of New Fusicoccins and Their Seed Germination-stimulating ActivityFrom the strain Niigata 74 new fusicoccins P, Q, R, and S, and 3-epifusicoccins H and Q were isolated as polar fusicoccins, and their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic evidence. Fusicoccins P and R being 16-O-methylfusicoccins showed the high activity in the seed germination-stimulating test in the presence of abscisic acid.4.Mammal Cell Differentiation-inducing Activity of Cotylenin A and Its Tumor Cell-Growth Suppressive ActivityCotylenin A induced the differentiation of human acute myeloid leukaemia cells in primaiy culture, and showed neurite genaration (outgrowth) promoting activity toward PC12 nerve cells at low concentrations. Cotylenin A and interferon-α cooperatively induced apoptosis and have an antitumor effect on human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells in nude mice.