Conservations and Studies on Cuneiform Tablets from Kultepe and Sealimpressions from Kaman-Kalehoyuk

1)卡曼-卡列霍尤克的挖掘：15至18世纪的挖掘季节（2000年至2003年）主要在北区进行，重点是建立一个文化年代学，研究卡曼-卡列霍尤克第三层（公元前2千年至公元前2千年）的建筑遗迹。“圆形结构1”中发现了许多带有印痕的粘土块，在16世纪的挖掘季节中得到了完整的研究。并对其周围的建筑遗迹（古赫梯iii层b）的关系进行了研究。2)保护：保护人员主要在卡曼-卡列霍尤克挖掘的材料上工作，在保护实验室（在遗址附近的日本安纳托利亚考古研究所），以及挖掘现场。粘土制品的处理，如粘土片和印玺，包括机械清洗、修补和用类丙酸B-72（丙烯酸树脂）加固。此外，还进行了电窑烧制试验，以确定粘土制品的适宜焙烧温度和时间。3)化学分析：主要利用能量色散x射线荧光光谱仪分析粘土的化学成分。根据这一分析，每种粘土的化学成分随年龄的不同而明显不同。4)古亚述文本研究：对Kultepe出土文本的研究是在安纳托利亚文明博物馆（安卡拉）通过复制文本进行的。它是按年挖掘的。2000年对1981年和1982年出土的文献进行了抄录，2001年和2002年对1996年出土的文献进行了抄录（共150件）。这些文本的内容包括信件、贷款合同、司法记录等，其中包含了一些库尔特语文本年代测定的重要信息。此外，这块古亚述殖民时期的泥板是2001年在卡曼-卡列霍尤克出土的，这是第16个挖掘季节。5) Kaman-Kalehoyuk地区封印材料研究：重点研究了北段“圆形构造1”的带有封印的粘土块。根据它们的独特特征，它们中的大多数可以追溯到“中期”赫梯时期（公元前15世纪末至公元前14世纪中叶）。它们成为赫梯印章的额外重要材料。2000年至2003年，我们重点研究了基于象形文字和装饰图案的印鉴分类，并对其进行了摄影和绘画。此外，我们试图通过与其他发掘地点的材料进行比较，明确我们的材料在赫梯印章组中的位置。少

1)Excavations at Kaman-Kalehoyuk :The 15^<th> to 18^<th> excavation season (year 2000 to 2003) took place mainly in North Sector, which focused on establishment of a cultural chronology, to research the architectural remains of Stratum III (2^<nd> Millennium B.C.) at Kaman-Kalehoyuk. The ‘Round Structure 1' in which many clay lumps with seal impressions were found, had been researched completely in the 16^<th> excavation season. And the research was pointed on the relation of architectural remains around it (Stratum IIIb, Old Hittite period).2)Conservations :Conservators were working mainly on the materials excavated at Kaman-Kalehoyuk, in the conservation laboratory (at the Japanese Institute of Anatolian Archaeology near the site), and also excavation site. The treatment of clay artifacts, such as clay tablets and seal impressions, involved mechanical cleaning, mending, and consolidating with Paraloid B-72 (acrylic resin). Moreover, the firing tests with an electric kiln were conduct … More ed, to examine the suitable baking temperature and time of clay artifacts.3)Chemical Analyses :Mainly the chemical composition of clay was analyzed by using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. According to this analyses, the chemical composition of each clay was obviously different by age.4)Studies on Old Assyrian Texts :The research on the texts excavated at Kultepe was took place at Museum of Anatolian Civilizations (Ankara) by copying of texts. It was proceeded by excavated year. In 2000 the texts excavated in 1981 and 1982 were copied, and in 2001 and 2002 the texts excavated in 1996 (in total about 150 pieces). The contents of the texts were letters, loan contracts, judical records etc., and they included some important informations for the dating of Kultepe-Texts. In addition, the clay tablet dated to the Old Assyrian Colonial period was excavated from Kaman-Kalehoyuk in 2001, the 16^<th> excavation season.5)Studies on seal materials from Kaman-Kalehoyuk :The research was conducted especially on the clay lumps with seal impressions from the ‘Round Structure 1' in North Sector. According to their distinctive feature, most of them could be dated to the ‘Middle' Hittite period (end of 15^<th> Century B.C. to middle of 14^<th> century B.C.). And they became an additional important materials for Hittite Seals. During year 2000 to 2003, we focused on classifications of seal impressions based on hieroglyphic characters and ornamental patterns, also photographing and drawing them. Besides we tried to make clear the position of our materials in the group of Hittite Seals through comparing with the materials from other excavation sites. Less