A Study on the Toyota Production System Under the 35 Hours Work a Week

每周工作35小时的丰田生产方式研究

• 批准号: 12572017
• 负责人: SHIMIZU Koichi
• 金额: $ 3.14万
• 依托单位: Okayama University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12572017/
• 关键词: France; 35 Hours Work a Week; Aubry Laws; Management-Union Agreements in Automobile Industry; Toyota Motor Manufacturing France; Annualization of Working Hours; Labor Relations; Flexibility; 自動車産業; 労使間協定; ワークシェアリング; 労働時間のフレキシブル化; トヨタ・フランス; トヨ

The main results of this study are following.(i)The French 35 Hours Work Laws (Aubry laws) cannot be regarded only as the laws reducing working hours in order to promote work-sharing, because they have marked a turning point in the history of French labor relations in the following two senses. First, the laws give the firms the flexibility in work organization and work force adjustment. Second the laws have established the majority principle about the management-union agreement, because the agreement had to be signed by the union (s), seconded by the majority of employees.(ii)About putting into action the legal 35 hours work at the French carmakers, important are the followings. First, management-union relationships are ameliorated and stabilized after their obligatory negotiation to fix the conditions of the 35 hours work. Second, because of the annualization of the working hours, overtimes, confirmed only at the end of the year, give often the employees collective and/or individual t … More imes off in lieu, so that the wage is not function of real working hours. Third, the annualization allows the firms to organize the work and adjust their labor force in the flexible manner. Therefore, the increase in the labor cost, caused by the reduction of legal working hours, can be absorbed by the economy of scale, gained by "24 hours and 7 days a week" run of a factory.(iii)Toyota in France (TMMF) also has concluded the management-union agreement resemble to that of Renault and Peugeot SA, and is able to enjoy the flexibility in work organization and labor force adjustment. In the domain of labor relations, TMMF is ready to do the same things as French carmakers do, and its labor relations are adapted to the French situation. On the contrary, its Toyota Production System is not put into action in its real sense. In fact, the "Just-in-time" and "Jidoka" have been installed, but the kaizen activities are on the way to be introduced. Whether its employees are involved in such activities depend on its human resource management and training of its employees in a Toyota's way. Less

本研究的主要结果如下。（i）法国的35小时工作法（奥布里法）不能仅仅被看作是为了促进工作分担而缩短工作时间的法律，因为它在以下两个意义上标志着法国劳动关系史上的转折点。首先，法律赋予企业在工作组织和劳动力调整方面的灵活性。第二，法律规定了关于管理层-工会协议的多数原则，因为协议必须由工会签署，并得到大多数雇员的支持。（ii）关于在法国汽车制造商实施法律的35小时工作制，重要的是以下几点。第一，劳资双方就确定35小时工作制的条件进行强制性谈判后，劳资关系得到改善和稳定。第二，由于工作时间的年度化，加班，只有在年底才能确认，往往给员工集体和/或个人的时间。 ...更多信息 因此，工资不是真实的工作时间的函数。第三，年度化允许企业以灵活的方式组织工作和调整劳动力。因此，由法律的工作时间的减少所引起的劳动力成本的增加，可以通过工厂“每周7天，每天24小时”的运行所获得的规模经济来吸收。（iii）法国丰田（TMMF）也签署了类似于雷诺和标致SA的管理层与工会协议，能够享受工作组织和劳动力调整的灵活性。在劳动关系领域，TMMF准备做法国汽车制造商做的事情，它的劳动关系适合法国的情况。相反，它的丰田生产系统并没有在其真实的意义上付诸行动。事实上，“准时制”和“Jidoka”已经安装，但改善活动正在被引入的路上。其员工是否参与这些活动取决于其人力资源管理和培训员工的丰田的方式。少

项目成果

Globalization or Regionalization of the European Car Industry?

欧洲汽车工业的全球化还是区域化？

• 发表时间: 2003
• 作者: M.Freyssenet;K.Shimizu;et al.
• 通讯作者: et al.

Globalization or Regionalization of the American and Asian Car Industry?

美国和亚洲汽车工业的全球化还是区域化？

• 发表时间: 2003
• 作者: M.Freyssenet;K.Shimizu;et al.
• 通讯作者: et al.

フランス35時間労働法の性格と意義

法国35小时工作法的特点和意义

• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: 経済学論叢(同志社大学) 54.4
• 作者: Ji Ren;Koichi Shimizu;清水 耕一
• 通讯作者: 清水 耕一

企業システムの進化におけるバイファケーションとイナーシア-自動車産業における事例(I)

企业制度演化中的购买化与惯性——以汽车行业为例（一）

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 34.1
• 作者: Ji Ren;Koichi Shimizu;清水 耕一;Koichi Shimizu;清水 耕一
• 通讯作者: 清水 耕一

企業システムの進化におけるバイファケーションとイナーシア-自動車産業における事例(II)

企业制度演化中的购买化与惯性——以汽车行业为例（二）

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: 岡山大学経済学会雑誌 34.2
• 作者: Ji Ren;Koichi Shimizu;清水 耕一;Koichi Shimizu;清水 耕一;清水 耕一
• 通讯作者: 清水 耕一