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Evolution of swarm-founding and polygyny in South American epiponine wasps

南美斑蜂的群体建立和一夫多妻制的进化

基本信息

批准号：
12575004
负责人：
YAMANE Soichi
金额：
$ 6.66万
依托单位：
IBARAKI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12575004/
关键词：
South America Polistinae, Epiponini Social evolution in insects Swarm-founding and independent-founding Polygyny (Multi-queen social system)Allozyme and DNA Genetic relatedness among colony members Amino acid compositions and thermal charac

项目摘要

This research project was carried out in succession of a previous project done in 1998/1999, and aimed to advance further the study of evolution of swarm-founding and permanent polygyny (multi-queen social system) in wasps of tribe Epiponini in South America. To know the social structure from genetic point of view, which is substantial to understand the evolution of multi-queen social systems, the project put emphasis on the estimation of genetic relatedness among adult and immature individuals in given colonies of an epiponine wasp, Polybia paulista (1). To compare with the above highly advanced social system, some sociological and ecological observations were made on pre-emergence colonies of Mischocyttarus spp. , which are independent-founders of another tribe Mischocyttarini (2). Further, to know the significance of nests as a basis for wasps' social life, chemical components, e. g. , amino acids, contained in the oral secretion secreted by adult wasps were analyzed for Polybia pau … More lista, 3 Mischocyttarusu species, and some other polistine species (3). The oral secretion is used to bind nest materials foraged by wasps from the outside of nest. Another aspect of nests, the thermal characteristics, was examined in two nests of Polybia paulista and P. occidentalis (4). On the basis of these studies, two reviews "Multi-queen social systems in eusocial insects, particularly among the Polistinae" (Y. Ito, 2002), and "Recent advances in a study of Polistinae" (S. Miyano, 2003) were published.(1) Allozyme and DNA analyzes of 15 Polybia paulista colonies taken on the campus of Sao Paulo University in Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo State revealed that in every colony the genetic relatedness was very low, 0-0.2. Thus, adult individuals of the whole colony and also immatures from separately removed combs were virtually non-related. This means that many queens were laying eggs even in the later phase of colony cycle. This result is not consistent with a hypothesis of "cyclical oligogyny" proposed by West-Eberhard (1978), and another hypothesis has to be developed.(2) Founding females of more than 30 pre-emergence colonies of two Miscocyttarus species were censused to know the relation between the number of founding females and the body size (weight) of adult females emerged from the first batch of brood reared by the foundresses. The distribution pattern of the number of females were also analyzed with a "Zero-truncated model".(3) Amino acid composition of the oral secretion used for binding extraneous nest materials by wasps was analyzed with a HPLC for three Mischocyttarus species and some other polistine species, Polybia paulista, Protopolybia exigua, etc. , and the results were compared with those so far studied until now. The amino acid composition was constant within the same species, and closely similar among species of the same genus, but fairly different among genera. This suggests that the kinds and relative amounts of amino acids produced reflect the phylogenetic relations.(4) Two diel measurements of nest temperature were carried out for a nest of Polybia paulista, one was done in an active state with more than 500 adult wasps and the other done after all the adults were removed. One diel measurement was done for an active nest of P. occidentalis with more than 2500 adults. Nest temperatures, though different at positions at which thermocouples were set were relatively independent from the ambient temperature. This is possibly due to high heat insulation ability of an enveloped and multi-layered-comb structure. The result also showed virtual absence of active thermoregulation by adult wasps. Less

本研究项目是继1998/1999年完成的一个项目之后进行的，旨在进一步推进南美洲Epiponini部落黄蜂的群体建立和永久性一夫多妻制（多女王社会系统）的进化研究。为了从遗传学的角度了解社会结构，这对理解多蜂王社会系统的进化具有重要意义，该项目重点评估了一种表蜂Polybia保利斯塔（1）的特定群体中成年和未成年个体之间的遗传相关性。为了与上述高度发达的社会系统相比较，对Mischocyttarus spp.的出苗前群体进行了社会学和生态学观察。，这是另一个部落Mischocyttarini的独立创始人（2）.此外，为了了解蜂巢作为胡蜂社会生活基础的重要性，还对蜂巢的化学成分、生物学特性、生物学特性等进行了研究。G.分析了灰绿蝽成虫口腔分泌物中的氨基酸组成 ...更多信息 lista，Mischocyttarusu种3种，以及其他一些polistine种（3）。黄蜂的口腔分泌物被黄蜂用来固定巢外的食物。巢的另一个方面，热特性，在两个巢的Polybia保利斯塔和P. occurentalis（4）中进行了研究。在这些研究的基础上，两篇综述“真社会性昆虫中的多蜂王社会系统，特别是在蜂亚科中”（Y。Ito，2002），and“Recent advances in a study of Polistinae”（S. Miyano，2003）出版。(1)对取自圣保罗州里贝劳普雷图的圣保罗大学校园内的15个波利比亚保利斯塔菌落进行的等位酶和DNA分析显示，在每个菌落中，遗传相关性非常低，为0-0.2。因此，整个殖民地的成年人和未成年人从单独删除的梳子几乎是无关的。这意味着许多蚁后甚至在殖民周期的后期也在产卵。这一结果与West-Eberhard（1978）提出的“周期性少雌”假说不一致，必须提出另一种假说。(2)对两种Miscocyttarus的30多个羽化前群体的创始雌虫进行了普查，以了解创始雌虫数量与第一批育雏中出现的成年雌虫体型（体重）之间的关系。还采用“零截尾模型”分析了雌性动物数量的分布模式。(3)本文用高效液相色谱法分析了三种Mischocyttarus和其他几种蜂（Polybia保利斯塔、Protopolybia exigua等）用于结合巢外物质的口腔分泌物的氨基酸组成，并与迄今为止的研究结果进行了比较。氨基酸组成在同一种内是恒定的，在同一属内的种间是相似的，但在属间差异较大。这表明所产生的氨基酸的种类和相对量反映了系统发育关系。(4)对一个灰斑绿蝽巢进行了2个昼夜的巢温测定，一个是在500多只成蜂活跃状态下进行的，另一个是在所有成蜂被移走后进行的。对一个有2500多只成虫的夜斑潜蝇活动巢进行了一天的测定。巢温度，虽然在热电偶设置的位置不同，但相对独立于环境温度。这可能是由于封装和多层梳状结构的高隔热能力。结果还表明，实际上缺乏主动的温度调节成年黄蜂。少