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Comparative Historical Study on Formation and Development of Religious Tolerance and Intolerance in Europe

欧洲宗教宽容与不宽容形成与发展的比较历史研究

基本信息

批准号：
13410111
负责人：
FUKASAWA Katsumi
金额：
$ 7.3万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

By this research, though it set it as the main purpose to consider the formation and development of religious tolerance and intolerance in Europe of modern times, we tried to examine this problem also from the comparative point of view by mixing the specialist of the Islamic world and the Europe medieval times. In two times of the study groups per year, we argued over the result of the investigation which each research assignment person performed about this research theme, and the following common understanding was able to be reached as the result. If we classifies the religious tolerance of modern Europe caused by the Reformation according to roles of the state, there can be found three types of religious tolerance quota according to confession, coexistence of the different confession by the statute, and substantial tolerance without legal establishment. However, the strong foundation of tolerance is in coexistence at an everyday dimension, and mutual understanding, and is in a social consciousness reform or the social cultural change which makes it possible. In historical research of religious tolerance, it is also important not only for correspondence by the state to this problem, but the practice of the tolerance in a social dimension and the internal basis of people supporting it to put in an analytic scalpel, and it is requested that both should be discussed as the whole. If we think, thus, the religious tolerance as a historical problem. we can apply the results to the world history not only including Europe of modern times, but the Islamic world and Asia, and even to the historical world of ancient and medieval times which do not yet know the spirit of modern tolerance, and it is useful also to an understanding of modern society where religious intolerance just spreads by exploring the solution historically.

本研究虽然以考察近代欧洲宗教宽容与不宽容的形成与发展为主要目的，但也试图通过将伊斯兰世界的专家与欧洲中世纪的专家相结合，从比较的角度来考察这一问题。在每年两次的研究组中，我们对每个研究任务人对这个研究主题的调查结果进行了争论，最终达成了以下共识。如果按照国家角色对近代欧洲宗教改革导致的宗教宽容进行分类，可以发现三种类型的宗教宽容：根据宗教信仰的宗教宽容配额、不同宗教信仰由法律规定的共存以及没有法律规定的实质性宽容。然而，宽容的坚实基础在于日常生活中的共存和相互理解，在于使之成为可能的社会意识改革或社会文化变革。在宗教宽容的历史研究中，重要的不仅是国家对这一问题的对应，更重要的是将宽容在社会维度上的实践和支持宽容的人们的内在基础放在分析的手术刀上，并要求将两者作为一个整体来讨论。因此，如果我们认为，宗教宽容是一个历史问题。我们不仅可以将其应用于近代欧洲的世界史，还可以将其应用于伊斯兰世界和亚洲，甚至可以应用于尚不了解现代宽容精神的古代和中世纪的历史世界，并且通过历史地探索解决方案，对于理解宗教不宽容正在蔓延的现代社会也很有用。