COMPARATIVE RESEARCH OF THE COLLAPSE OF KEYHOLE-SHAPED MOUNDED TOMBS IN WESTERN JAPAN

这项研究的提出是为了通过比较几个地区的例子来了解日本西部钥匙孔形状的墓穴倒塌的原因。1)孔型墓葬的崩塌在不同地区有明显的不同。2)孔型墓葬的崩塌在科芬中期早期(公元5世纪初)、科芬中期晚期(公元5世纪末)、科芬晚期中期至科芬晚期(公元6世纪中期-公元6世纪末)产生了较大的影响。3)在科芬晚期早期(公元6世纪初)，长期停工的锁孔形陵墓的建设在某些地区暂时重新开始。中央与地方之间的政治关系发生了变化，平葬在东亚的传播、墓葬习惯的改变以及廊式石室等的传入，构成了锁孔式堆墓坍塌的背景：6世纪末锁孔式堆墓的完全消失表明，锁孔式堆墓在社会上已不再是必需品，这很可能与隋后统治时期的政治改革有关。然而，圆形墓葬和方形墓葬的大量出现表明，为了维护社会秩序，丧葬仪式是必要的。

This propose of this research is to understand the collapse of Keyhole-shaped mounded tombs in Western Japan by comparing examples from several areas. The points below were understood.1) Collapse of Keyhole-shaped mounded tombs is obviously different among different areas.2) Collapse of Keyhole-shaped mounded tombs does have big influences during the early mid-Kofun period (early 5c.), late mid-Kofun period (late 5c), middle of the late-Kofun period to late late-Kofun period (mid 6c-late 6c)3) In the early time of the late-Kofun period (early 6c), the long stopped construction of the Keyhole-shaped mounded tombs was temporarily restarted in certain areas.The change of the political relationships among the central authority and local authorities, the spread of the plain burial in Eastern Asia, the change of burial habit along with the import of Corridor style stone chamber and so on, formed the background of the collapse of Keyhole-shaped mounded tombs: The complete disappearance of Keyhole-shaped mounded tomb in the late 6^<th> century shows that Keyhole-shaped mounded tomb was no more a necessity in the society and it is most probably related to the political reform during the reign of Empress Suiko. However, the large among of circular-shaped mounded tombs and square shaped mounded tombs shows that in order to maintain social order, funeral ritual is necessary.