A System for Automated Generation of Urban 3D Digital Map

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We developed a series of methods to generate a very detailed 3D digital map of urban areas. The approach is characterized by the fact that approaches using air-borne sensors and vehicle borne sensors are established respectively and then integrated.1.3D data acquisition from vehicle borne laser/CCD sensors and automated extraction of roadside features.An automated method of extracting spatial objects from laser scanning data from a vehicle. Targets of extraction include not only road, trees, vehicles and buildings but also linear features such as guard rails and pipes, traffic signs and poles. In case the target objects are not occluded, we can achieve a rather high probability of extraction success.2.Development of semi-automated methods for 3D modelingWe develop a semi-automated method with which an operator can generate 3D models very easily just by delineate the boundary or the location of a target-object manually. Behind the process, a computer determines the exact location and generates accurate surfaces of the target-object the boundary of which is roughly given by the operator. Actually, in urban areas, spatial objects may have so much complicated shapes and sometimes they are occluded by trees. These situations make the full automation in 3D modeling so difficult. With the semi-automated method, the total efficiency of the 3D data generation can be so much improved.3.Development of 3D modeling methods using air-borne line sensor dataIn generating 3D models of urban objects, mainly buildings, it is demonstrated that the success ratio of automated extraction and 3D modeling of buildings can be so much improved by providing an existing 2D map as a initial value or objects. By combining this method with the semi-automated method, it is demonstrated that the entire process of 3D modeling of urban objects can be so much improved in efficiency. In addition, data from the vehicle borne laser scanners can be integrated in the process of 3D modeling.