Development of the in-situ measurement compound equipment of the power between the surfaces, and surface detailed structure

采用原子力显微镜对云母板在阳离子聚合物-电解质水溶液中吸附层的结构进行了原位观察。表面之间的相互作用力也用同样的方法测量。将两种结果进行比较，得出以下结论：(1)阳离子聚合物-电解质分子松弛需要10天以上。我们成功地对分子量为1000万的单分子在水中进行了原位观察，将其稀溶液保存20天。(2)吸附结构的形状类似岛状结构，其大小随分子量的增加而增大。(3)无机电解质的加入降低了静电斥力，抑制了聚合物弛豫，使吸附结构变小。(4)块状吸附结构比链状吸附结构具有更大、更长的吸附力和更高的絮凝效果。这表明，粉末状聚合物絮凝剂应在絮凝过程发生充分松弛之前就应用于絮凝过程。对两性聚合物电解质进行了类似的研究，得到了以下结论。(1)在中性pH下，两性聚合物分子变为中性，其吸附结构呈块状。在较低的pH范围内，聚合物分子像链一样吸附，因为它们的正电荷占主导地位。(2)聚合物分子的吸附层厚度随pH值的增大而增大。从黏附结果看，溶液pH值对絮凝效果没有影响。考察了实际工艺中常用的聚合氯化铝的效果，得出以下结论：(3)非常小的块状聚合物在聚合氯化铝改性表面具有高密度吸附。这些表面之间会产生很强的吸引力。这表示为静电力，这归因于多价阳离子定位在负电荷表面，并出现较大的静电吸引力。少

In situ observation for the investigation of the structure of adsorbed layer on mica plate in cationic polymer-electrolyte aqueous solution was carried out by using an atomic force microscope. Interaction forces between surfaces were also measured in the same way. Comparing with both results each other, following conclusions were obtained.(1) It takes over 10 days until the enough relaxation of the cationic polymer-electrolyte molecules. We succeeded in-situ observation of single molecule whose molecular weight is 10 million in water, after keeping its dilute solution for 20 days.(2) The shape of the adsorbed structure is like the island structure and its size increases with its molecular weight.(3) Addition of inorganic electrolytes makes the adsorbed structure small because of the decrease of the electrostatic repulsive force and the suppression of polymer relaxation.(4) Block-like adsorbed structure invites larger and longer-range attractive force and has higher flocculate effect th … More an the chain like. This suggests that the powder-style polymer flocculants should be employed to the flocculation process at the time before its sufficient relaxation occurs.Similar investigations for amphoteric polymer electrolytes were carried out and following conclusions were obtained.(1) At the neutral pH, in which the amphoteric polymer molecules become neutral, their adsorbed structure is block like. In the lower pH range, polymer molecules adsorb like chains, because their positive charges become predominant.(2) The thickness of the adsorbed layer of the polymer molecules increases with pH. According to adhesion results, the solution pH does not influence to the flocculation.The effect of poly-aluminum chloride which is often used for real processes was investigated and the following were concluded.(3) Very small block-like polymer adsorbs with high density on the surface modified by poly-aluminum chloride.(4) Strong attractive force will act between these surfaces. This is expressed as the electrostatic force, which is attributed that multi-valence cations localized on the negative charge surface and big electrostatic attractive force appears. Less