Development of the in-situ measurement compound equipment of the power between the surfaces, and surface detailed structure

用原子力显微镜对云母片在阳离子聚合物-电解质水溶液中的吸附层结构进行了原位观察。表面之间的相互作用力也以相同的方式测量。通过对两种结果的比较，得出以下结论。(1)需要超过10天，直到阳离子聚合物-电解质分子的足够松弛。我们成功地对分子量为1000万的单分子在水中的稀溶液进行了20天的原位观察。(2)吸附结构的形状类似于岛状结构，其尺寸随其分子量的增加而增大。(3)无机电解质的加入使静电斥力减小，聚合物弛豫受到抑制，使吸附结构变小。(4)块状吸附结构比块状吸附结构吸引力大、作用距离远，絮凝效果好， 关于我们 像链条一样。这表明，粉末状高分子絮凝剂应在絮凝过程充分松弛之前加入絮凝过程。(1)在中性pH下，两性聚合物分子变为中性，其吸附结构为块状。在较低的pH范围内，聚合物分子像链一样吸附，因为它们的正电荷占主导地位。(2)聚合物分子的吸附层厚度随pH值的增加而增加，从吸附结果来看，溶液pH值对絮凝效果没有影响。(3)聚合氯化铝改性后的表面吸附着密度很高的小块状聚合物。(4)强大的吸引力将作用在这些表面之间。这表现为静电力，这归因于多价阳离子局域在负电荷表面上，并且出现大的静电吸引力。少

In situ observation for the investigation of the structure of adsorbed layer on mica plate in cationic polymer-electrolyte aqueous solution was carried out by using an atomic force microscope. Interaction forces between surfaces were also measured in the same way. Comparing with both results each other, following conclusions were obtained.(1) It takes over 10 days until the enough relaxation of the cationic polymer-electrolyte molecules. We succeeded in-situ observation of single molecule whose molecular weight is 10 million in water, after keeping its dilute solution for 20 days.(2) The shape of the adsorbed structure is like the island structure and its size increases with its molecular weight.(3) Addition of inorganic electrolytes makes the adsorbed structure small because of the decrease of the electrostatic repulsive force and the suppression of polymer relaxation.(4) Block-like adsorbed structure invites larger and longer-range attractive force and has higher flocculate effect th … More an the chain like. This suggests that the powder-style polymer flocculants should be employed to the flocculation process at the time before its sufficient relaxation occurs.Similar investigations for amphoteric polymer electrolytes were carried out and following conclusions were obtained.(1) At the neutral pH, in which the amphoteric polymer molecules become neutral, their adsorbed structure is block like. In the lower pH range, polymer molecules adsorb like chains, because their positive charges become predominant.(2) The thickness of the adsorbed layer of the polymer molecules increases with pH. According to adhesion results, the solution pH does not influence to the flocculation.The effect of poly-aluminum chloride which is often used for real processes was investigated and the following were concluded.(3) Very small block-like polymer adsorbs with high density on the surface modified by poly-aluminum chloride.(4) Strong attractive force will act between these surfaces. This is expressed as the electrostatic force, which is attributed that multi-valence cations localized on the negative charge surface and big electrostatic attractive force appears. Less