APPLICATION OF GENOME ANALYSIS BY AFLP FINGERPRINT TO CATTLE BREEDING

1)品种鉴定：利用AFLP指纹技术开发的DNA标记（SNPs），我们试图鉴定日本黑、荷斯坦牛及其F1。利用2000多对引物对两个品种进行扩增，共获得45条有效的品种识别片段。用这45个AFLP片段对每个品种的100只动物进行检测，我们可以清楚地将这些动物彼此区分开来。2）AFLP技术在牛育种中的应用从5,000头左右的繁殖母牛中，选择48头极端牛，其中25头为牛肉大理石花纹标准（BMS）的最高育种值，23头为BMS的最低育种值，进行了相关性研究。通过AFLP指纹图谱分析，用500多对引物对这些极端动物的DNA进行比对，相当于在一张牛连锁图谱上绘制了2,000多个标记，最终得到16个区分高、低两个极端的有效AFLP片段。用这16个片段估算的BMS育种值与其一般遗传值（GGV）之间的相关系数为0.92。如果GGV有用或无用，则将该GGV值应用于另外121只动物。BMS育种值与GGV之间的相关系数再次较高，r=0.70，来自牛群的另一只动物的肋眼肌面积（REA）育种值与GGV之间的相关系数也较高，r=0.63。一般来说，BMS和REA之间有较高的相关性是众所周知的，因此从统计遗传学的数据来看，这一结果是合理的。这一结果为动物育种提供了一个划时代的策略。

1) BREED IDENTIFICATION; By using DNA markers (SNPs) developed by AFLP fingerprinting, we tried to identify Japanese Black, Holstein and their F1. More than 2000 primer sets were tested between two breeds and found 45 effective breed identifiable AFLP fragments were obtained. By testing 100 animals of each breeds using these 45 AFLP fragments, we could clearly discriminated these animals from each other. This method could prevent or reduce false or miss labeled beef in markets.2) APPLICATION OF AFLP METHOD TO CATTLE BREEDING; By selecting 48 extreme animals from about 5,000 reproductive cows, 25 were the highest breeding value of beef marbling standard (BMS) and 23 were the lowest breeding value of BMS, a kind of association study was done. By AFLP fingerprinting, DNA from those extreme animals were compared about 500 primer sets, which is equivalent to mapping of more than 2,000 markers on a cattle linkage map and finally get 16 effective AFLP fragments which discriminate two extremes, high and low. Quite higher correlation coefficient, r=0.92 were obtained between breeding value of BMS and general genetic value (GGV) estimated using those 16 fragments. This GGV value was applied to additional 121 animals if the GGV is useful or not. Again higher correlation coefficient between BMS breeding value and GGV, r=0.70, was obtained another animals from the herd with an additional higher correlation coefficient, r=0.63, between rib eye muscle area (REA) breeding value and GGV. In generally, higher correlation between BMS and REA is well known, so that this result is reasonable from the data of statistical genetics. This result offers an epoch-making strategy in animal breeding.