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Some properties of granular ice and evaluation of its effect on atmospheric and oceanic environments.

粒状冰的一些特性及其对大气和海洋环境影响的评价。

基本信息

批准号：
13490002
负责人：
KAWAMURA Toshiyuki
金额：
$ 4.93万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13490002/
关键词：
sea ice columnar ice granular ice radiation radiative property permeant property 海水

项目摘要

Sea ice in the Arctic Ocean has predominantly columnar structure. However, from recent studies conducted in the seasonal ice zone, e.g. Antarctic Oceans and the Okhotsk Sea, it is found that ice with granular structure was dominant at the zone. The contribution to sea ice growth has become of major interest. It is expected that the difference of the ice structure would cause difference of physical properties, e.g. growth processes, radiation and permeability. We tried to clarify the difference of the physical properties between the above two difference of the ice types both experimental and field observations.Experimental study was conducted in the Cryospheric Environment Simulator, a highly equipped cold laboratory, at Shinjo Branch, Nagaoka Institute of Snow and Ice Studies, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention. We grew sea ice with the ice types in two stirred/unstirred water tanks. Snow ice, a kind of granular ice, was grown from snow accumulated by an artificial snow machine in the two tanks. Occasionally we observed the features of sea ice growth during the experiment. We also conducted radiation measurements, i.e. albedo and attenuation coefficient. After the experiments, we observed the ice structure and measured density, salinity and isotopic compositions.Field observation was carried out on a line from the mouth of a river to the opening in the eastern part of Lake Saroma. The aim of the observation is to investigate change of sea ice structure with the parent water salinity and contribution of both snow and structural ice types. We also measured permeability difference with ice structure.

北冰洋的海冰以柱状结构为主。然而，从最近在南极海洋和鄂霍次克海等季节性冰带进行的研究发现，该地区以颗粒状结构的冰为主。对海冰增长的贡献已成为人们主要关注的问题。预计冰结构的不同会导致物理性质的不同，例如生长过程、辐射和渗透率。我们试图澄清上述两种不同类型冰层的物理性质的差异，无论是实验观测还是野外观测。实验研究在国家地球科学与灾害预防研究所长冈冰雪研究所新津分部的冰圈环境模拟器进行。我们在两个搅拌/不搅拌的水箱中种植海冰和冰的类型。雪冰是一种颗粒冰，是由两个水箱中的人造造雪机积累的雪培育而成的。在实验期间，我们偶尔会观察到海冰的生长特征。我们还进行了辐射测量，即反照率和衰减系数。实验结束后，我们观察了冰的结构，测量了密度、盐度和同位素组成，并在萨罗马湖东部从河口到洞口的一条线上进行了野外观测。观测的目的是研究海冰结构随母水盐度的变化以及雪和结构冰类型的贡献。我们还测量了渗透率与冰结构的差异。