OCEAN STRUCTURE AND OCEAN HEAT FLUX UNDER FAST ICE IN LUTZOW-HOLM BAY,ANTARCTICA

对极地地区大气-海洋相互作用的准确评估对于正确理解气候变化是至关重要的。虽然在更大的区域和更长的周期内收集观测数据的要求很高，但极地地区的野外观测在空间和季节上都受到限制。南极气候研究计划是为了评估日本南极科考队的海气相互作用。1990至1992年间，在希奥瓦空间站所在的Lutzow-Holm海湾进行了密集的研究。结果表明：(1)在南极近海，冬季海水厚度秋季最大，夏季最小；(2)上述季节变化是由Ekman辐合的变化引起的；(3)快速冰下的流动强烈依赖于快速冰缘的位置；(4)海湾的雪深和海冰厚度随着距离大陆的增加而增加；(5)快速冰受异常增长过程控制：即使在冬季，海冰也几乎没有增加。(6)微波辐射计可用于探测冰雪表面的融化。(7)微波资料显示，夏季海湾附近的海冰分布趋于一致。(8)卫星图像显示，波尼雅“Ohtone Suiro”位于COSMONANT Polynya的低冰密度区域的延伸上。

Accurate valuations of atmosphere-ocean interactions in the polar regions are essential for a right understanding of the climate variation. Although the collection of the observed data are strongly requested in wider area and longer period, field observations in the polar regions are restricted both spatially and seasonally. The Antarctic Climate Research Program was planned to evaluate the air-sea interactions by the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. Intensive studies were conducted between 1990 and 1992 in Lutzow-Holm Bay where the Syowa Station is located. The following results are obtained on ocean and sea-ice studies in the bay :(1) In the Antarctic coastal ocean, the thickness of the Winter Water becomes maximum in fall and minimum in summer.(2) It is proposed that the above seasonal variation is caused by the variation of Ekman convergence.(3) Flows under land-fast ice strongly depend on the location of the fast ice margin.(4) Snow depth and sea-ice thickness in the bay increases with distance from the continent.(5) Fast ice is controlled by extraordinary growth process : The sea ice shows little increase even in winter. However, in summer, an extreme upward growth was observed, to which snow cover contributes.(6) Microwave rediometer is useful to detect melting at the surface of snow/ice.(7) Microwave data reveal that sea ice distribution off the bay converges in summer.(8) Satellite images show that the polynya "Ohtone Suiro" is located on the extension of areas with low ice concentration from Cosmonant Polynya.