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Clarification of growth processes found in deep snow-covered regions and inspection of its generality

澄清深雪覆盖地区的生长过程并检验其普遍性

基本信息

批准号：
09680498
负责人：
KAWAMURA Toshiyuki
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09680498/
关键词：
sea ice snow cover sea ice growth processes sea ice structure air-sea-interaction heat budget surface melting microwave radiometer

项目摘要

Antarctic sea ice studies suggest snow cover significantly contributes to and relates with sea ice growth. The following studies were conducted to solve growth processes found near Syowa Station with deep snow cover and to inspect its generality.(A) Studies on physical and structure properties and growth processes of sea ice :Ice and snow samples were collected and analyzed, especially, for a long time in the Sea of Okhotsk and Lake Saroma since 1995 and frequently in the Baltic Sea in 1999. Laboratory study with tank was carried out to reproduce the growth processes. The results shows that the snow contribution was estimated at 8 and 2-26 % of total ice thickness in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Baltic Sea, respectively. Superimposed ice, which grows from refreezing of snow meltwater, was found in the Ross Sea ice samples.(B) Studies on radiation properties of sea ice :Field observations were carried out to investigate dependency of radiation properties, such as reflection, transmission, absorption and emission, on sea ice thickness and structure in the Lake Saroma and the Baltic Sea in the both growth and decay seasons. The optical properties were also examined under controlled conditions in a cold laboratory. The results show differences of the radiation properties between the Baltic and Saroma sea ice. They suggest these differences are caused by the difference of sea ice structure such as bubble volume and grain size.(C) Estimation of amounts related with sea ice and snow cover from satellite data :A new sea ice classification algorithm has been developed using a airborne microwave radiometer. It becomes clear that this algorithm is useful to classify sea ice types using a parameter related with the dielectric properties of two channels. Sea ice thickness and snow depth were also estimated from the parameter.

南极海冰研究表明，积雪对海冰的增长有显著贡献，并与之相关。下面的研究是为了解决在Syowa站附近发现的深积雪的生长过程，并检查其普遍性。(A)海冰的物理结构性质和生长过程的研究：1995年以来在鄂霍次克海和萨罗马湖长期采集和分析了冰雪样品，1999年在波罗的海频繁采集和分析。通过室内试验重现了该菌的生长过程。结果表明，鄂霍次克海和波罗的海的积雪贡献分别占总冰厚的8%和2- 26%。在罗斯海的冰样本中发现了由冰雪融水重新冻结而形成的叠加冰。(B)海冰辐射特性研究：实地观测了萨罗马湖和波罗的海生长季和衰减季的反射、透射、吸收和发射等辐射特性与海冰厚度和结构的关系。光学性质也在低温实验室的受控条件下进行了检测。结果表明，波罗的海海冰和萨罗马海冰的辐射特性存在差异。他们认为这些差异是由海冰结构的差异引起的，如气泡体积和颗粒大小。(C)根据卫星数据估算与海冰和积雪有关的量：利用机载微波辐射计开发了一种新的海冰分类算法。由此可见，该算法可以利用与两个通道的介电特性相关的参数对海冰类型进行分类。根据该参数估计了海冰厚度和雪深。