Clarification of growth processes found in deep snow-covered regions and inspection of its generality

南极海冰的研究表明，积雪对海冰的增长有很大的贡献，并与海冰的增长有关。进行了以下研究，以解决在雪覆盖较深的昭和站附近发现的生长过程，并检查其通用性。(A)海冰的物理和结构特性以及生长过程的研究：从1995年开始，在鄂霍次克海和萨罗马湖长期收集和分析了冰雪样品，1999年在波罗的海频繁收集和分析了冰雪样品。实验室研究与坦克进行重现的增长过程。结果表明，在鄂霍次克海和波罗的海，雪的贡献估计分别为总冰厚度的8%和2 - 26%。在罗斯海冰样本中发现了由雪融水重新冻结而形成的叠加冰。(B)海冰的辐射特性研究：进行了实地观测，以调查辐射特性，如反射、透射、吸收和发射，在生长和衰减季节对萨罗马湖和波罗的海海冰厚度和结构的依赖性。在寒冷的实验室中，在受控条件下也检查了光学性质。结果表明，波罗的海海冰和Saroma海冰的辐射特性存在差异。他们认为这些差异是由海冰结构的差异造成的，如气泡体积和粒度。(C)根据卫星数据估算与海冰和积雪有关的数量：利用机载微波辐射计开发了一种新的海冰分类算法。很明显，该算法是有用的海冰类型分类使用的参数与两个通道的介电特性。海冰厚度和积雪深度也从参数估计。

Antarctic sea ice studies suggest snow cover significantly contributes to and relates with sea ice growth. The following studies were conducted to solve growth processes found near Syowa Station with deep snow cover and to inspect its generality.(A) Studies on physical and structure properties and growth processes of sea ice :Ice and snow samples were collected and analyzed, especially, for a long time in the Sea of Okhotsk and Lake Saroma since 1995 and frequently in the Baltic Sea in 1999. Laboratory study with tank was carried out to reproduce the growth processes. The results shows that the snow contribution was estimated at 8 and 2-26 % of total ice thickness in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Baltic Sea, respectively. Superimposed ice, which grows from refreezing of snow meltwater, was found in the Ross Sea ice samples.(B) Studies on radiation properties of sea ice :Field observations were carried out to investigate dependency of radiation properties, such as reflection, transmission, absorption and emission, on sea ice thickness and structure in the Lake Saroma and the Baltic Sea in the both growth and decay seasons. The optical properties were also examined under controlled conditions in a cold laboratory. The results show differences of the radiation properties between the Baltic and Saroma sea ice. They suggest these differences are caused by the difference of sea ice structure such as bubble volume and grain size.(C) Estimation of amounts related with sea ice and snow cover from satellite data :A new sea ice classification algorithm has been developed using a airborne microwave radiometer. It becomes clear that this algorithm is useful to classify sea ice types using a parameter related with the dielectric properties of two channels. Sea ice thickness and snow depth were also estimated from the parameter.