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Historical Movement on Sustainable Utilization of Deer and Wild Boar Resources

鹿野猪资源可持续利用的历史变迁

基本信息

批准号：
13490010
负责人：
SATOU Hiroyuki
金额：
$ 7.3万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The progress in organizational animal hunting is important function in the process of hominization and to modern humans. Among several mammals, deer and wild boar are most important resources for human. In our research we can explain the historical process of utilization, hunting and management of both resources and the background conditions to be sustainable in east and north-east Asia from the view points of prehistoric archaeology, zooarchaeology, ethnoarchaeology, folklore, zoology, cultural anthropology. Main results of this research are as follows;1)Theoretical modeling of database to animal remains from Jomon sites, because among these data deer and wild boar account up to 70 %. 2)For comparison database with Jomon one, we measured and analyzed modern deer samples. 3)The pitfall trap hunting has carried out from palaeolithic to modern in Japan, but most active stage is Jomon age. 4)We can demonstrate the process of agricultural appearance in Chinese Neolithic. 5)From ancient to medieval in Japan, there were some hunting groups, which became to be organized several special hunting groups as Matagi in late Edo era. That process is supported by some economical and political conditions such as the development of market economy, the protection policy by the shogunate or local clans, in addition to, the impact of worldwide fur trade. From the Meiji era to the end of world war II, Japanese government encourage to the animal hunting for getting furs as merchandise and military use. Today, the folk knowledge of traditional hunting, however, has been to be extinguished, we must. exploit. this one for the environmental preservation and reproduction.

有组织的动物狩猎的进步对于人类化进程和现代人类来说具有重要作用。在多种哺乳动物中，鹿和野猪是人类最重要的资源。我们的研究可以从史前考古学、动物考古学、民族考古学、民俗学、动物学、文化人类学的角度解释东亚和东北亚资源利用、狩猎和管理的历史过程以及可持续的背景条件。本研究的主要结果如下：1）绳文遗址动物遗骸数据库的理论建模，因为这些数据中鹿和野猪的比例高达70%。 2）为了与绳纹一号的对比数据库，我们对现代鹿样本进行了测量和分析。 3）陷阱狩猎在日本从旧石器时代一直进行到现代，但最活跃的阶段是绳文时代。 4）我们可以展示中国新石器时代农业出现的过程。 5）日本从古代到中世纪，曾有过一些狩猎团体，到了江户时代后期，形成了几个特殊的狩猎团体，如“Matagi”。这一过程得到了一些经济和政治条件的支持，如市场经济的发展、幕府或地方宗族的保护政策，以及世界毛皮贸易的影响。从明治时代到第二次世界大战结束，日本政府鼓励动物狩猎以获得毛皮作为商品和军事用途。然而，今天，传统狩猎的民间知识已经被消灭，我们必须这样做。开发。这是为了环境保护和繁殖。