Development of non invasive lower urinary tract function test using ultrasound Doppler imaging

1.超声可以测量尿液的流速过去人们认为不可能用超声波测量尿液的流速，因为尿液中不含有任何能反射超声波的颗粒。我们假设，根据伯努利原理，尿流加速引起的流压降低会产生与空化相关的微泡，从而产生多普勒信号。用电荷耦合装置(CCD)相机同时检测到特定于空化的微管，并用超声扫描仪进行多普勒信号的检测，证实了这一假设。血流速度相关参数可用于评价膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)，其中前列腺功能截面积(UFA=UR/UV：UV：前列腺尿道流速，UR：流速)和流速比(VR=V1/V2：V1：前列腺尿道流速，V2：括约肌尿路流速)是评价BOO的实用参数。“我们研究了与血流速度相关的最佳参数，该参数可以预测α-1阻滞剂治疗后下尿路症状的改善。V2值较高的患者对α-受体阻滞剂治疗的反应可能较差。(1)ROI(感兴趣区)的自动绘制；(2)校正角度的显示；(3)先前提出的参数(A1、A2和VR)的自动图形显示；(4)新参数的自动图形显示以分析膀胱功能。速度-流动图：绘制速度相关参数与整个排尿期流量之间的二维曲线图。初始速度信号的延迟可能有助于诊断排尿功能障碍

1. Flow velocity of urine can be measured by ultrasound sonographyIt had been believed to be impossible to measure the intraurethral flow velocity by ultrasonography, since urine does not contain any particles reflecting ultrasound. We hypothesized that according to Bernoulli's principle a decrease of flow pressure caused by an accelerated urinary flow produces micro bubbles associated with cavitation responsible for Doppler signals. This hypothesis was confirmed by A simultaneous detection of microtubbles specific to cavitation with a charged-coupled device (CCD) camera and Doppler signals with an ultrasound scanner was conducted.2. Velocity related parameters are proved to be useful for evaluating bladder outlet obstruction(BOO).Functional cross-sectional area at prostatic urethra (UFA=UR/UV: UV: velocity at prostatic urethra, UR: flow rate) and velocity ratio (VR=V1/V2: V1: velocity at prostatic urethra, V2: velocity at sphincteric urethra) were proved to be practical parameters far evaluating BOO. "'e investigated the best flow velocity related parameter, which allowed prediction of improvement of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after α 1-blocker treatment.. The patients with higher V2 might be poor responders against alpha-blocker treatment.3. Custom made software has been improved.In order to reduce analytic time and apply the system not only for BOO but also for whole voiding dysfunction, analytic software has been improved.(1) Automatic plotting of ROI (region of interest) ~(2) Indication of corrected angle(3) Automatic graphic indication of previously proposed parameters (Al, A2 and VR)(4) Automatic graphic indication of new parameters to analyze bladder function4. Velocity-flow plots.Two dimensional graph plots between velocity related parameter and flow rate in whole voiding has been performed. A delay of initial velocity signal may be useful to diagnose voiding dysfunction