The history and today's situation of Russian-speaking population in Estonia and Latvia--from the view point of the contemporary history of European integration and the formation of multi-ethnic society

这一研究项目的目的是探讨俄语人口问题（国籍、语言政策、工作、学校教育、他们的集体身份等等）在爱沙尼亚和拉脱维亚，不仅从这些国家当代国内民族的角度来看，而且从这一地区的历史和地缘政治角度以及欧洲国际组织的影响等国际观点来看，我们组织了每年在爱沙尼亚和拉脱维亚进行实地工作，如采访两国官员、国际组织、地方当局、少数民族抗议运动领导人等，以及观察少数民族学校。2.通过这些实地工作，我们澄清了两国少数民族政策向“融合”政策的转变，3.我们组织了以下国际会议：国际讲习班，《爱沙尼亚和拉脱维亚融合政策和身份政治的前景》（10月19日，在国家博物馆举行）<th>，大坂民族学博物馆），国际会议《转型国家的国家建设和融合以及国际支持：爱沙尼亚和拉脱维亚的经验》（10月21日，名古屋大学）国际研讨会《波罗的海<st>：多元文化空间中的俄罗斯人》（10月31日，东京工业大学）广岛大学于2005年2月出版了会议论文集。

The aim of this research project is to pursue the Russian-speaking population problem (nationality, language policy, work, school education, their collective identity and so on ) in Estonia and Latvia not only from the contemporary domestic national perspective in these states but also from the historical and geopolitical perspective on this area and international viewpoints such as the influence of European international organizations.1.We organized such field works every year in Estonia and Latvia as interviews with officials of both states, international organizations, local authorities, protest movement leaders of national minorities and so on, and the observation of schools for minorities.2.Through these field works, we clarified the transformation of minority policy in both states to "integration" policy, the stratification among Russian-speaking population themselves and the change of character of the issue from "ethnic problem" to social probelem.3.We organized the international conferences :Intenational workshop, 《Perspective of the Integration Policies and Identity Politics in Estonia and Latvia》 (19^<th> October at National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka),International conference 《Nation Building and Integration in the Transition States and the International Supports : The Experience in Estonia and Latvia》 (21^<st> October at Nagoya University)International symposium 《Balticum : Russians in the Multicultural Space》 (31st October at Tokyo Technological Institute) The proceedings of these conferences were published by Hiroshima University in February, 2005.