CONPREHENSIVE RESEARCH ON SUBSPECIATION IN AGILE GIBBONS

长臂猿和猩猩一样，是一群受到威胁的亚洲猿类，因此对每个物种或亚种的基因监测是保护计划的迫切需要。我们进行了一个项目，尽可能地从苏门答腊和婆罗洲（加里曼丹中部）的野生动物中采集已知来源的样本，用于敏捷长臂猿的遗传监测。结果发现，苏门答腊敏捷长臂猿的8号和9号染色体之间存在一个全臂易位（WAT 8/9），而且种群调查表明，带有WAT 8/9的形式似乎与一个祖先形式不相容，这表明前者可能通过竞争使后者从苏门答腊种群中消失。在任何情况下，这种易位是一个有用的染色体标记，以确定Summartan敏捷长臂猿。DNA群体遗传分析显示，苏门答腊和婆罗洲敏捷长臂猿之间的分子遗传距离最小，但染色体差异最大。因此，我们推测，WAT 8/9发生并固定在苏门答腊岛的一个小人口迁移和地理隔离后，在末次冰期，然后迅速分散到其他人口在苏门答腊岛的瓶颈效应和染色体隔离机制的结果。这里获得的数据可能是非常有用的遗传标记，用于识别物种或亚种，这将是必不可少的保护计划。WAT 8/9重排是区分苏门答腊和婆罗洲敏捷长臂猿的一个显著的染色体标记。

Gibbons, like orangutans, are a group of threatened Asian apes, so that genetic monitoring of each species or subspecies is a pressing need for conservation programs. We conducted a project to take, as far as possible, samples of known origin from wild-born animals from Sumatra and Borneo (Central Kalimantan) for genetic monitoring of agile gibbons. As a result, we found a whole arm translocation between chromosomes 8 and 9 (WAT8/9) specific to Sumatran agile gibbons.Furthermore, population surveys suggested that the form with the WAT8/9 seems to be incompatible with an ancestral form, suggesting that the former might have extinguished the latter from Sumatran populations by competition. In any case, this translocation is a useful chromosomal marker for identifying Sumatran agile gibbons. Population genetic analyses with DNA showed that the molecular genetic distance between Sumatran and Bornean agile gibbons is the smallest, although the chromosomal difference is the largest. Thus, it is postulated that WAT8/9 occurred and fixed in a small population of Sumatra after migration and geographical isolation at the last glacial period, and afterwards dispersed rapidly to other populations in Sumatra as a result of the bottleneck effect and a chromosomal isolating mechanism. The data obtained here could be very useful as genetic markers for identifying species or subspecies that would be indispensable to conservation programs. The WAT8/9 rearrangement is a remarkable chromosomal marker for separating Sumatran and Bornean agile gibbons.