Inquiry into Kampo Drug Resources of Asia : Investigation on Mongolian and Thai Medicinal Plants

1.（1）蒙古产甘草根中甘草素和甘氨香豆素的含量与我国野生甘草基本相同，而黄酮类和查尔酮类的含量较低。(2)By通过比较我国8种麻黄属植物的核18 S rRNA基因和质体trnK基因的核苷酸序列，将其划分为5个基因型，将具有卷曲茎的蒙古麻黄种鉴定为中华麻黄（E.sinica），或为甘麻黄（E.przewalskii）和中华麻黄（E. sinica）的杂合体。(3)In泰国姜黄和日本姜黄的trnK和18 SrRNA基因序列比较，汤加姜黄和莪术姜黄的trnK和18 SrRNA基因序列相似，只有一个1bp的插入，而芳香姜黄的trnK和18 SrRNA基因序列明显不同。3种泰国产药材的姜黄素类成分与日本、中国和印度的相应药材的姜黄素类成分不同。2.药理活性（1）黄芪根甲醇提取物和黄芪总苷对姜黄素类成分有显著的抑制作用。 关于我们 对A（25-35）处理的大鼠皮层神经元轴突延伸和突触再生的影响。Aβ（25-35）i.c.v.-注射的小鼠通过用提取物处理而恢复。（2）姜黄、温郁金和姜黄根茎甲醇提取物抑制iNOS产生NO，而促进eNOS产生NO。乌桕提取物能显著抑制佐剂性关节炎小鼠足跖肿胀和血清炎症蛋白的表达。（3）从彩叶草地上部分分离得到的迷迭香酸衍生物和从夹竹桃叶中分离得到的黄酮苷类化合物对HIV-1整合酶有抑制作用，而后者对HIV-1逆转录酶也有抑制作用。（4）泰国传统药物叶下珠、白藓和鸡血藤的甲醇提取物对丙型肝炎病毒RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶表现出较强的抑制活性。

1.Pharmacognostical quality(1)The root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis growing in Mongolia had almost same content of glycyrrhizin and glycycoumarin as in wild Glycyrrhiza of China, but less content of flavanones and chalcones.(2)By comparing nucleotide sequences of nuclear 18S rRNA gene and plastid trnK gene of 8 Ephecra species from China, which were divided into 5 genotypes, Mongolian Ephedra species with coiling stem were identified to be E.sinica or heterozygote of E.przewalskii and E.sinica.(3)In the comparison of trnK and 18S rRNA gene sequences of Thai Curcuma species with Japanese ones, C.Tonga was identical and C.zedoaria was similar except a 1-bp insertion, but C.aromatica was obviously different in the both genes. The curcuminoids compositions of Thai crude drugs derived from above 3 species were different from those of respective drugs in Japan, China and India.2.Pharmacological activity(1)Methanol extract of root of Astragalus mongholicus and astragalosides showed significant ef … More fects on axonal extension and synaptic regeneration in A(25-35)-treated rat cortical neurons. The memory impairment in Aβ(25-35) i.c.v.-injected mice was recovered by the treatment with the extract.(2)Methanol extracts of rhizomes of Curcuma longa, C.wenyujin and C.phaeocaulis inhibited production of nitric oxide (NO) generated by iNOS, while enhanced NO production by eNOS. The extract of C.phaeocaulis significantly inhibited paw swelling and the expression of serum inflammation protein in adjuvant arthritis mice.(3)Rosmarinic acid derivatives isolated from the aerial parts of Coleus parvitbilus and some flavanone glycosides from the leaves of Thevetia peruviana exhibited inhibitory activities against HIV-1 integrase, and the latter inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, also.(4)Methanol extracts of traditional Thai drugs, Phyllanthus reticulatus, Willughbeia cochinchinensis and Spatholobus harmandii showed potent inhibitory activity against Hepatitis C virus RNA dependent RNA polymerase Less