Comparative Ethnopharmacology in China

1.（1）研究了13种人参属植物的叶绿体trnK基因和核18 S rRNA基因序列。trnK-18 S rRNA基因序列的组合数据集给出了一个很好的解决人参属内的亲缘关系。发现一新变种，命名为越南人参变种（Panax vietnamensis var.褐盘菌属从野三七地下部分分离得到30个达玛烷型皂苷。(2)神经突起的生长是突触形成的基本过程，红参、野三七、人参和三七的甲醇提取物可促进神经突起的生长。原人参二醇型皂苷（Protopanaxadiol-type saponins，Rb_1，etc.）具有神经突起延伸活性，延伸的神经突起主要分化为轴突.姜黄属药物（1）6种姜黄属植物在上述2个基因区域均具有种特异性序列。C. zedoaria和C.广西种。建立了适合药材的PCR检测方法和植物药材的简易鉴定方法（ARMS法）。（二） 关于我们 5种药物的甲醇提取物和水提取物均具有舒张血管作用。从甲醇提取物中分离的倍半萜和姜黄素显示血管舒张作用，没有显着差异。水提物多糖具有收缩血管的作用，日本柔道多糖（C。莪术具有NO依赖性舒张活性.大黄属药物tanguticum，R. officinale和R.掌叶草matK基因在种内表现出遗传异质性。在系统发育上，前两种标本分别聚为1个类群，后两种标本根据其产地分为3个类群。对26种药材的30种成分进行了定量分析，揭示了其化学成分与植物来源和产地有关.抗HIV活性三种提取物均表现出抗HIV活性。每种活性成分鉴定如下：来自千金藤的aromoline和FK-3000，来自沙蒿的p-香豆酰亚精胺和相关酰胺，以及来自红景天的胡萝卜苷和两种苯乙基葡萄糖苷。少

1. Panax drugs(1) Chloroplast trnK gene and nuclear 18S rRNA gene sequences of 13 Panax taxa were investigated. The combined data sets of trnK-18S rRNA gene sequences gave a well-resolved phylogeny within genus Panax. A new variety was discovered and named as Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus. From the underground parts of this new variety (Ye-Sanchi), 30 dammarane-type saponins were isolated.(2) Neurite outgrowth which is the basic process for synaptic formation was enhanced by methanol extracts of Red Ginseng, Ye-Sanchi, Ginseng and Notoginseng. Four of protopanaxadiol-type saponins (ginsenoside Rb_1, etc.) had nerutite extension activity, and the extended neurites were mainly differentiated into axons.2. Curcuma drugs(1) Six Curcuma species posessed species-specific sequences in above 2 gene regions. Two genotypes, were found in C. zedoaria and C. kwangsiensis. A suitable PCR method for drugs and simple identification methods (ARMS method) for plants and drugs were established.(2) … More Methanol and water extracts of 5 kinds of drugs showed vasodilation effects. Sesquiterpenes and curcumin isolated from methanol extracts showed vasodilation effects without significant differences. Whereas, polysaccharides from water extracts showed vasocontraction effects, moreover, those from Japanese Gajutsu (C. zedoaria) showed NO dependent relaxation activity.3. Rheum drugsR. tanguticum, R. officinale and R. palmatum showed genetic heterogeneity within species in matK gene. Phylogenetically, specimens of the former two species were converged into each 1 group, respectively, and those of the latter species into 3 groups, corresponding to their producing area. Quantitative analysis of 30 components of 26 drugs revealed chemical compositions related to their botanical origin and producing area.4. Anti-HIV activityThree kinds of extracts showed anti-HIV activities. Each active component was identified as follows: aromoline and FK-3000 from Stephania cepharantha, p-coumaroylspermidine and related amides from Artemisia caruifolia, and daucosterol and two phenethyl glucosides from Rhodiora sacra. Less