Analytical Model for Visibility on Landmarks and Open Spaces

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This project examines the quantitative methods to evaluate landmarks and opens space from the viewpoint of landscape. The first part examines landmarks in an urban area, such as castles, churches, bell towers, tall buildings, great hills and tall trees. This project develops a simple analytical model within an urban setting to examine how building height and density affect the area from which the landmark is visible. The probability of visibility from viewpoints will be derived by use of a renewal process. The second part explores urban nightscape. In the first method we present a procedure to measure the solid angle of a nightscape. In the second method we define a technique to count the roads, which axe visible from a given viewpoint. Based on these two methods, we analyze a nightscape in Hakodate from 1975 to 2000 at five-year intervals