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Study of Treatment of Radioactive Waste using Anion-Exchange Paper Membrane

阴离子交换纸膜处理放射性废物的研究

基本信息

批准号：
14580543
负责人：
INOUE Hiroyoshi
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Kurume University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Radioactive iodine is extensively used in an atomic power, medical treatment, medical diagnosis, and biological experiments. However, the use and disposal of radioactive waste containing radioactive iodine are strictly regulated by laws in the world because radioactive iodine is readily absorbed into body and represents a significant health hazard.In the present study, we developed the concentration method of radioactive iodine that exists as an anion in water using anion-exchange paper membrane as below :(1)Development of four kinds of anion-exchange paper membranes that have strong base anion-exchange sites are dispersed in the membranes with high density.(2)Evaluation of ion transport in concentration-cell system using the prepared anion-exchange membrane on the basis of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Especially, we used the electroconductive membrane permeability that represents the ionic solution/membrane distribution by an electrostatic effect, and the diffusional membrane permeability that represents the ionic migration speed within membrane phase.(3)Evaluation of coexistence effect of electroneutral molecules on radioactive iodine transport through the anion-exchange paper membranes(4)Comparison between an electrodialysis and a diffusional dialysis to separate the radioactive iodine from radioactive waste.We succeeded to develop the anion-exchange paper membrane made of long length pulp fiber bearing trimethyihydroxypropylammonium anion-exchange group. The paper membrane has high permselectivity to iodine. The electroconductive membrane permeability of I-125 to that of Cl-36 reaches 6.2 in the concentration-cell system.

放射性碘广泛用于原子能、医疗、医学诊断和生物实验。然而，由于放射性碘容易被人体吸收，对人体健康有很大危害，因此世界各国对含放射性碘的放射性废物的使用和处置都有严格的法律规定。本研究开发了利用阴离子交换纸膜浓缩水中以阴离子形式存在的放射性碘的方法，具体如下：（1）四种阴离子交换纸膜的开发具有强碱阴离子交换位点的四种阴离子交换纸膜以高密度分散在膜中。（2）从非平衡热力学角度评价了所制备的阴离子交换膜在浓差电池系统中的离子迁移。特别地，我们使用了通过静电效应表示离子溶液/膜分布的跨膜渗透率，以及表示膜相中离子迁移速度的扩散膜渗透率。（3）电中性分子共存对放射性碘在阴离子交换纸膜中迁移的影响（4）电渗析法和扩散渗析法从放射性废物中分离放射性碘的比较我们成功地研制了带有三甲基羟丙基铵阴离子交换基团的长纸浆纤维制成的阴离子交换纸膜。该纸膜对碘有很高的选择透过性。在浓度-细胞系统中，I-125对Cl-36的跨膜渗透性达6.2。