ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY ON MICROCREDIT AND GENDER DEVELOPMENT IN THE MIDDLE EAST ISLAMIC COUNTRIES

中东伊斯兰国家小额信贷与性别发展的人类学研究

• 批准号: 14594016
• 负责人: TAKAKI Keiko
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: OBIRIN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14594016/
• 关键词: MICROCREDIT; POVERTY REDUCTION; ENPOWERMENT; MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES; MAGHREB COUNTRIES; GENDER DEVELOPEMENT; HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; ANTHROPOLOGY; 中東イスラーム社会; アルジェリア; 女性労働; エンパワーメント; 社会・人間開発; ジェンダー; 開発; 人類学

The aim of this research project is to grasp the actual situation of the micro credit programs in some of the Middle Eastern and North African countries and to make an anthropological study on its impact on poverty reduction and gender development. The first two years of this project, from 2002 to 2003, the fieldworks were carried out in Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria and Mauritania. The documents of the Micro credit laws and the MC policies of these countries were collected, and the participant observations were conducted on the sites of the MC institutions, interviewing with the officers and the beneficiaries. These field researches clarified the varieties and characteristics in the practicing processes of MC in these countries. The successful and unsuccessful cases were also studied. During the latter half of the project, from 2005 to 2006, the factors of successful sustainability and those of failure were equally investigated in the field researches. The information from the MC Regional Summit of the Middle East and Africa and from that of Asia and the Pacific was also useful for comparative analysis. It is concluded, as a result, that the low interest rates of MC do not always produce the expected outcomes and high repayment rates. Well-organized MC programs with friendly and flexible services for beneficiaries proved to have much more impact on sustainability with high repayment rate as well as on poverty reduction and gender development. The rolls of NGOs and the civil associations can also be an important element for bridging the government and people as observed in Morocco and Tunisia. This research project has thus made meaningful contributions by clarifying several problems involved in the actual MC programs in the Middle East and North Africa and suggesting certain remedies for them, though the number of countries observed are limited.

这一研究项目的目的是掌握一些中东和北非国家小额信贷方案的实际情况，并就其对减贫和性别发展的影响进行人类学研究。该项目的头两年，即2002年至2003年，在突尼斯、摩洛哥、阿尔及利亚和毛里塔尼亚开展了实地工作。收集了这些国家的小额信贷法律和小额信贷政策的文件，并在小额信贷机构的现场进行了参与性观察，与官员和受益人进行了访谈。这些实地研究阐明了这些国家MC实践过程中的种类和特点。并对成功和失败的案例进行了分析。在项目的后半期，即2005年至2006年，在实地调查中对成功的可持续性因素和失败的可持续性因素进行了同样的调查。MC中东和非洲区域首脑会议以及亚洲和太平洋区域首脑会议提供的信息也有助于进行比较分析。它的结论是，因此，MC的低利率并不总是产生预期的结果和高还款率。事实证明，组织良好、为受益人提供友好和灵活服务的小额信贷方案对可持续性、高偿还率以及减贫和性别发展产生了更大的影响。正如在摩洛哥和突尼斯看到的那样，非政府组织和民间协会的名册也可以成为政府和人民之间沟通的一个重要因素。因此，本研究项目作出了有意义的贡献，澄清了在中东和北非的实际MC计划所涉及的几个问题，并提出了一些补救措施，虽然观察的国家数量有限。

项目成果

Beit El-Hikma ed.(Keiko TAKAKI): "Tunisia -Japan Cultural Dialogue(論文名: Microcredit and Development)"Beit Eh-Hikma, Tunis (Tunisia)(所収). 178(89-104) (2003)

Beit El-Hikma 编辑（Keiko TAKAKI）：“突尼斯-日本文化对话（论文标题：小额信贷与发展）”Beit Eh-Hikma，突尼斯（突尼斯）178(89-104) (2003)。

イスラームの女性とチュニジア(武内進一編『新世界地理 アフリカ』)

伊斯兰妇女与突尼斯（竹内真一主编，《新世界地理：非洲》）

• 发表时间: 2006
• 作者: 鷹木恵子

Microcredit and Women's Labor : Development and Gender in Maghreb Countries.

小额信贷和妇女劳动：马格里布国家的发展和性别。

• 发表时间: 2004
• 作者: KEIKO TAKAKI

大塚 和夫編 鷹木恵子: "『現代アラブ・ムスリム世界』「チュニジア農村部女性の内職にみる民俗知識と技法」"世界思想社(所収). 257(117-165) (2002)

大冢和夫、高木惠子编辑：“突尼斯农村妇女在家务劳动中观察到的‘现代阿拉伯和穆斯林世界’民间知识和技术”Sekai Shisosha（合集）257（117-165）（2002）。

Book Review "Mixed Blessing : Religion and Feminism in Post-colonial Era."(Kawahashi, N., Kuroki, M.)

书评“喜忧参半：后殖民时代的宗教与女权主义”（川桥，N.，黑木，M.）

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Cultural Anthropology 70-1
• 作者: TOMOYO NAKAO;Fredus Steijlen;中尾知代ほか;KEIKO TAKAKI
• 通讯作者: KEIKO TAKAKI