An Empirical Survey on Leading Gender-Equal Groups in Japan : A Case of Elementary and Junior-High Principals

日本领先性别平等团体的实证调查：以中小学校长为例

• 批准号: 14594021
• 负责人: KANDA Michiko
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: National Women's Education Center (2004)Toyo University (2002-2003)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14594021/
• 关键词: gender equal society; female principals; gender consciousness; participatory abilities; gender culture in schools; gender equal education; educate female leaders; structure of role expectation; プレッシャーとストレス; フェミニスト尺度; 世代間比較

With the consideration that the participation of women at all corporate and tiers is mandatory for the formation of a gender equal society, we surveyed women who have advanced to administrative positions in schools, specifically female principals.Questionnaires were sent by mail to 966 female principals of elementary schools in and around the Kanto area, and to 418 junior high principals all over Japan during the time span between April and November, 2003. From these surveys, data was collected from 372 elementary and 182 Junior high principals. In addition, 5 elementary and 5 junior high principals were personally interviewed during February and March in 2004. The main results derived from the data analysis are the following :1)The factors that most prominently influenced the advancement to that leading position are educational careers, human relations, professional careers and family life situations.2)As the everyday administrative tasks in schools demand prompt decision-making, these individuals generally excel in participatory abilities such as communication skills, and they often possess a profound insight into the essence of affairs, and a perceptive awareness to realistic situations. These individuals provide positive influences not only in their own schools but also in the wider communities.3)As women with non-traditional gender consciousness have become principals, the gender culture in schools is also being changed, which is contributing to the formation toward a gender equal society.

考虑到女性在所有企业和级别的参与对于形成性别平等社会是强制性的，我们调查了在学校中晋升到行政职位的女性，特别是女校长。在2003年4月至11月期间，我们通过邮寄的方式向关东地区及周边地区的966名小学女校长和日本各地的418名初中校长发出了调查问卷。通过这些调查，收集了372名小学校长和182名初中校长的数据。此外，在2004年2月至3月期间，还亲自面谈了5名小学校长和5名初中校长。数据分析的主要结果如下：1)教育事业、人际关系、职业生涯和家庭生活状况是影响他们晋升到领导地位的最显著因素。2)由于学校的日常行政任务需要迅速做出决策，这些人通常在参与能力方面表现出色，例如沟通能力，他们往往对事情的本质具有深刻的洞察力，对现实情况具有敏锐的洞察力。这些人不仅在自己的学校，而且在更广泛的社区中产生了积极的影响。3)随着具有非传统性别意识的女性成为校长，学校的性别文化也在改变，这有助于形成一个性别平等的社会。