A Study on the Structure of Gender Inequality: Researching Female leaders who work for Education, Medical and Social Work

性别不平等结构研究：教育、医疗和社会工作女性领导者研究

• 批准号: 09410051
• 负责人: KANDA Michiko
• 金额: $ 2.56万
• 依托单位: Toyo University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09410051/
• 关键词: Gender; Inequality; Leader; Female Principal; Head Nurse; Female Bureaucrat; Social Movement; 女性; 教育; 医療; ジエンダー; 教員; 福祉

We would like more women to become influential leaders.The aim of this study is to promote women's participation in society, and the purpose of this research was to analyze the structure of gender inequality in regard to job segregation, the sex gap in earnings and sex discrimination and so on.In order to analyze the structure of gender inequality we researched the situation of influential female bureaucrats, female principals who worked for schools, head nurses who worked for hospitals and female leaders who worked for social movements.We used "comparable worth" approach and "space/place" approach in order to analyze the data of our research. "Comparable worth" approach is related to comparable-worth discrimination which is said to occur when one finds an effect of the sex composition of jobs on their pay level that remains even when other job characteristics shown to be determinants of pay levels are entered as control variables. Space/place approach is our original concept that is relating to the structure of gender power.We thought the positions that are occupied by people holding the power "space/place".We chose three groups of our respondents who worked for the work places that were related to comparable-worth discrimination and the others who worked for the work places that were not related to comparable-worth discrimination as control groups.It was our hypothesis that there are more opportunities for women to hold influential positions in primary, secondary education and hospitals, in comparison there are relatively fewer opportunities for women to hold influential positions in local gevernment and social movements.In order to prove this hypothesis we used comparable worth and space/place concept.We got a lot of thoughtful conclusions from this research and study.

本研究的目的是促进女性参与社会，分析性别不平等的结构，包括工作隔离、收入差距和性别歧视等。为了分析性别不平等的结构，我们研究了有影响力的女性官员的情况，本研究以学校的女校长、医院的女护士长、社会运动的女领导人为研究对象，采用“价值比较”与“空间/地点”的研究方法进行分析。“可比价值”方法与可比价值歧视有关，据说，当人们发现工作的性别组成对其薪酬水平的影响，即使其他工作特征被证明是薪酬水平的决定因素，也被作为控制变量输入，这种影响仍然存在时，就会发生可比价值歧视。空间/场所方法是我们最初关于性别权力结构的概念。我们认为拥有权力的人所占据的职位是“空间/场所”。我们选择了三组受访者，他们在与可比价值歧视相关的工作场所工作，而其他人则在与可比价值歧视无关的工作场所工作-我们的假设是，女性有更多的机会在小学、中学教育和医院担任有影响力的职位，相比之下，妇女在地方政府和社会运动中担任有影响力职位的机会相对较少。在这一假设中，我们运用了可比价值和空间/场所的概念，并通过研究得出了许多有意义的结论。