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Land Conservation NPOs in Japan and United States : Present and Future

日本和美国的土地保护非营利组织：现在和未来

基本信息

批准号：
14597002
负责人：
TSUCHIYA Toshiyuki
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
National University Corporation Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Since "Land Conservation" was rather new concept in Japan, the chief investigator of this research project made a new translated Japanese name "Shizen-chi Hozen" for this term. Targets for Land Conservation are not only natural forests, but also man-made forests, farmlands, rivers, ponds, wetlands and parks. The project had two objectives : one was to investigate present activities of both so-called "Forest Volunteers" groups and so-called "National Trust" movement groups in Japan and discuss future prospects of the two kinds of land conservation groups ; the other was to investigate performance of organizations networking and coordinating land trusts and other land conservation groups in Massachusetts, U.S.A.In conclusion, "National Trust" movement in Japan is unlikely to have enough motivation for extending its territory due to high level of land prices and no national policy to encourage donations and land acquisition for land conservation. In an unfavorable condition, "National Trusts" tend to shift their efforts from land acquisition to interpretation, forest volunteer activities, ecotours and other activities which don't need land ownership.On the other hand, some large NPOs began to collaborate with National Forest and/or Prefectural governments to manage rather large public forest areas. Such a kind of collaboration is strongly welcomed as it might break the barrier of land ownership to nature conservation. American counterparts' experiences of collaboration with various stakeholders are very useful.

由于“土地保护”在日本是一个相当新的概念，该研究项目的首席研究员为这个术语重新翻译了日文名称“Shizen-chi Hozen”。土地保护的对象不仅是天然林，还包括人造林、农田、河流、池塘、湿地和公园。该项目有两个目标：一是调查日本所谓的“森林志愿者”团体和所谓的“国民信任”运动团体目前的活动，并讨论这两种土地保护团体的未来前景；另一个是调查美国马萨诸塞州的土地信托和其他土地保护团体的网络和协调组织的绩效。结论是，由于土地价格高企，且没有鼓励捐赠和征地以保护土地的国家政策，日本的“国民信托”运动不太可能有足够的动力来扩大其领土。在不利的情况下，“国民信托”倾向于将工作重点从征地转向解说、森林志愿者活动、生态旅游和其他不需要土地所有权的活动。另一方面，一些大型非营利组织开始与国家森林和/或县政府合作，管理相当大的公共林区。这种合作受到强烈欢迎，因为它可能打破土地所有权对自然保护的障碍。美国同行与各利益相关方合作的经验非常有用。