Plant-pollinator interactions: Diurnal and nocturnal pollinators

在“物种相互作用网络的重组”研究单元内，“植物-传粉者相互作用：昼夜传粉者“子项目侧重于植物与不同传粉者分类群之间的相互作用网络。在热带生态系统中，绝大多数开花植物物种依赖动物授粉。作为主要的花粉传递媒介，传粉者确保了估计98%的热带植物物种的种子生产。反过来，他们获得宝贵的资源，如花粉，花蜜或花油，这是他们的健康所必需的。这些传粉者和动物传粉植物物种之间的互利关系导致了复杂的相互作用网络;这些网络的结构提供了对网络介导过程（即植物传粉和传粉者供应）稳定性的深入了解。网络的结构和过程反过来又受到群落组成变化及其分类和功能特征多样性的影响。在大规模的干扰之后，例如密集的伐木或砍伐森林，群落的组成和多样性往往会发生严重的变化，这可能是通过破坏基本的互利互动，导致授粉稳定性下降。然而，令人惊讶的是，很少有人知道的弹性和恢复的热带植物传粉网络（和由此产生的过程）或结构变化沿着恢复gradients.Our项目将填补这一空白，探索恢复轨迹和动态的植物传粉网络沿着森林恢复梯度。它将侧重于两个昆虫模型组，即白天活动的蜜蜂和夜间活动的飞蛾，并进一步包括蝙蝠和甲虫（通过研究单位内部的合作获得）。我们将分析基于花粉的相互作用网络，使用DNA元巴编码的花粉收集的个体标本的身体在林下和树冠层的62个地块代表一个梯度从牧场的次生生长到原始森林。此外，我们将调查不同的传播，响应和相互作用性状（通常被认为是重要的植物传粉者相互作用）内和传粉者公会之间的作用，以更好地了解潜在的特征规则。我们还将评估无刺蜂群的适应性和陷阱筑巢独居蜜蜂捕捉恢复供应的影响，网站的具体差异。为了评估授粉的差异，我们将测量两个植物计植物物种以及在选定的树种之间的花粉转移的结果的恢复效果。

Within the research unit "Reassembly of species interaction networks", the subprojet " Plant-pollinator interactions: Diurnal and nocturnal pollinators " focuses on interaction networks between plants and different pollinator taxa. In tropical ecosystems, the vast majority of flowering plant species relies on animals for pollination. As major pollen transfer agents, pollinators ensure seed production of an estimated 98% of tropical plant species. In turn, they obtain valuable resources, such as pollen, nectar or floral oils, which are essential for their fitness. The mutualistic relationship between these pollinators and zoophilous plant species results in complex interaction networks; the structure of these networks provides insight into the stability of network mediated processes, i.e. pollination of plants and provisioning of pollinators. Networks structures and processes are in turn affected by variation in the composition of communities, as well as their taxonomic and functional trait diversity. Community composition and diversity are often severely altered following large-scale disturbance, such as intensive logging or deforestation, which results in decreased pollination stability, likely through disrupting essential underlying mutualistic interactions. Yet surprisingly little is known on the resilience and recovery of tropical plant-pollinator networks (and resulting processes) or on structural changes along recovery gradients.Our project will fill this gap by exploring recovery trajectories and dynamics of plant-pollinator networks along a forest recovery gradient. It will focus on two insect model groups, i.e. diurnal bees and nocturnal moths, and further includes bats and beetles (obtained through collaboration within the research unit). We will analyze pollen-based interaction networks using DNA-metabarcoding of pollen collected from bodies of individual specimens sampled in both the understory and canopy of 62 plots representing a gradient from pastures over secondary growth to primary forest. Moreover, we will investigate the role of different dispersal, response and interaction traits (generally considered important for plant-pollinator interactions) within and between pollinator guilds to better understand underlying trait-rules. We will also assess site-specific differences in fitness of stingless bee colonies and trap nesting solitary bees to capture effects of recovery on provisioning. To assess differences in pollination, we will measure recovery effects on fruit set of two phytometer plant species as well as in pollen transfer between selected tree species.