Development of a nasality abnormality test with Nasometer in Japanese utterance

在2003年，我们用Nasometer对这些术语应用于日语发音的鼻音异常测试的适当性进行了检验。因此，我们认为采用Tsutsumi（1999）的15个句子和20个音节（包括5个元音、爆破音（p，t，k）、摩擦音（s，k）、塞擦音（ts，t）和鼻音（m，n））进行鼻音测量评估是合适的。如《杰克与豆茎》和《北风与太阳》，其平均鼻平衡值分别为33.6 ± 6.8%和28.3±6.0%，略低于英文《彩虹通道》。最后，我们决定使用“北风与太阳”的第一部分作为我们的鼻音测试通道，它由194个字符或224个莫拉组成。十八岁的F 关于我们 女性（平均年龄20.7岁）的中国方言说话者，我们测量了他们的平均Nasalance值和标准差。因此，平均Nasalance值显示略高于过去的一些相同的研究，并且，就平均Nasalance值而言，女性的趋势高于男性。特别是元音/a/后的音节，在爆破音和摩擦音中，女性的平均鼻音值显著高于男性，但鼻音除外。此外，我们还测量了“Kitsutsuki-ga ki-o tsutsuku”和“Kotsukotsu tsutsuku”两个仅由阻塞音和元音组成的短句的平均鼻音值，并考察了这两个短句的方言差异。和“Ue-o oou”和“Youi-wa ooi”，它们仅构成元音和半元音。最后，中国方言使用者的平均鼻音值高于近畿方言使用者。然后，我们制作了一个样本日语版的鼻音异常测试，男性和女性每个以下的麦凯-库默SNAP测试应用平均鼻音值和他们的标准偏差值从我们的研究。根据年龄、性别和方言差异的标准平均鼻音评分需要进一步的研究。少

In 2003, we examined the propriety of those terms to apply for the nasality abnormality test of the Japanese utterance with Nasometer. As a result, it was thought that adoption of fifteen sentences that made by Tsutsumi (1999), and twenty syllables, including five vowels, explosives (p, t, k), fricatives (s,∫ ), affricates(ts, t∫ ), and nasals (m, n), are suitable for this Nasometric assessment.In 2004, we investigated their propriety continually, and studied Nasometeric inspection about the two passages, such as "Jack and the Beanstalk" and "North Wind and the Sun", and got slightly low mean Nasalance values as 33.6 each±6.8%, 28.3±6.0% respectively than English "Rainbow Passage". In conclusion, we decided to use first part of "North Wind and the Sun" for our nasality test passage which is consisted of 194 characters or 224 mora.In 2005, utilizing these test terms and the passage, with their kind cooperation from seventeen young males (an average age of 20.3 y.o.) and eighteen young f … More emales (an average age of 20.7 y.o.) of Chugoku dialect speaker, we measured their mean Nasalance values and standard deviations. As a result, mean Nasalance values revealed a little higher than some past same studies, and, as for mean Nasalance values of females, a high tendency was watched than that of males. Particularly those syllables followed by vowel /a/ had significantly higher mean Nasalance values in females than in males both in explosives and fricatives, excluding nasals.In addition, we measured mean Nasalance values and examined a dialect difference about two short sentences as "Kitsutsuki-ga ki-o tsutsuku" and " Kotsukotsu tsutsuku" consisting only obstruents and vowels, and "Ue-o oou" and "Youi-wa ooi" which Hirata (2002) constituted only vowels and semivowels. Conclusively Chugoku dialect speakers were higher in mean Nasalance values than Kinki dialect speakers.Then we made a sample Japanese edition of a Nasality Abnormality Test, man and woman each following The MacKay-Kummer SNAP Test applying mean Nasalance values and their standard deviation values obtained from our study. Further studies are needed to accumulate the standard mean Nasalance scores according to age, sex and dialect difference. Less