Joint torque and power analysis of giant swing elements in Parallel bars in Gymnastics

1.研究一旨在探讨双杠后仰大摆动作与单杠后仰大摆动作之动力学特性。髋关节后伸力矩导致悬吊相所做的机械负功PB大于HB。2.研究二是通过与后仰式大摆动作（GS）的比较，研究后仰式大摆动作（贝儿）与后仰式大摆动作（GS）的动力学特征。贝儿的髋关节峰值屈曲力矩、髋关节峰值功率和肩关节峰值功率均显著大于GS。3.研究三旨在探讨贝儿（Belle）巨大后空翻两周上臂悬吊动作的动力学特征，以及关节力矩和功率对贝儿（Belle）起跳时垂直速度和角动量的影响。释放时的角动量与髋关节屈曲扭矩峰值显著相关。4.研究目的：比较贝儿屈体后空翻（BP）和贝儿（BT）的动力学特征。释放时BP组绕身体重心的角动量显著大于BT组。髋关节屈曲力矩、髋关节功率、肩关节伸展力矩和肩关节功率BP组均显著大于BT组。

1.The purpose of first study was to investigate the kinetic characteristics of backward giant swing on parallel bars(PB) compared with those of backward giant swing on horizontal bar(HB). The mechanical negative work done by hip extension torque leading to hang phase of PB were larger than those of HB. During upward phase from hang, the shoulder extension torque of PB was exerted longer period of time than HB, with the result that mechanical positive work done by shoulder extension torque of PB was larger than that of HB.2.The purpose of second study was to investigate the kinetic characteristics of giant swing backward with double salto to upper arm hang (Belle) compared with those of backward giant swing(GS). Peak hip joint flexion torque, peak hip joint power and peak shoulder joint power of Belle were significantly larger than GS.3.The purpose of third study was to investigate the kinetic characteristics of giant swing backward with double salto to upper arm hang (Belle) and effect of joint torque and power on vertical velocity and angular momentum at release of Belle. Angular momentum at release was significantly related to peak hip joint flexion torque. And also, angular momentum at release was significantly related to peak shoulder joint power.4.The purpose of forth study was to investigate the kinetic characteristics of giant swing backward with double piked salto to upper arm hang (Belle Piked, BP) compared with those of Belle(BT). Angular momentum about center of body gravity at release for BP was significantly larger than BT. Hip joint flexion torque, hip joint power, shoulder joint extension torque and shoulder joint power of BP at release were significantly larger than BT.