Joint torque and power analysis of giant swing elements in Parallel bars in Gymnastics

1.第一项研究的目的是比较双杠后向巨摆与单杠后向巨摆的运动特性。髋部伸展力矩对PB的机械负功大于HB。在悬空向上阶段，PB的肩伸扭矩比HB施加的时间更长，PB的肩伸扭矩所做的机械正功大于HB。第二项研究的目的是比较后向大摆双起跳上臂悬挂（Belle）与后向大摆（GS）的运动特性。2 . Belle的髋关节屈曲力矩峰值、髋关节力量峰值和肩关节力量峰值均显著大于gs。第三项研究的目的是研究大后摆双salto上臂悬空（Belle）的运动特性，以及关节扭矩和力量对Belle释放时垂直速度和角动量的影响。释放时的角动量与髋关节屈曲力矩峰值显著相关。同时，释放时的角动量与峰值肩关节力量显著相关。第四项研究的目的是比较贝儿（英国）和贝儿（英国）的大后摆双勾起跳至上臂悬挂的运动特性。BP释放时的重心角动量显著大于BT， BP释放时的髋关节屈曲力矩、髋关节力量、肩关节伸曲力矩和肩关节力量均显著大于BT。

1.The purpose of first study was to investigate the kinetic characteristics of backward giant swing on parallel bars(PB) compared with those of backward giant swing on horizontal bar(HB). The mechanical negative work done by hip extension torque leading to hang phase of PB were larger than those of HB. During upward phase from hang, the shoulder extension torque of PB was exerted longer period of time than HB, with the result that mechanical positive work done by shoulder extension torque of PB was larger than that of HB.2.The purpose of second study was to investigate the kinetic characteristics of giant swing backward with double salto to upper arm hang (Belle) compared with those of backward giant swing(GS). Peak hip joint flexion torque, peak hip joint power and peak shoulder joint power of Belle were significantly larger than GS.3.The purpose of third study was to investigate the kinetic characteristics of giant swing backward with double salto to upper arm hang (Belle) and effect of joint torque and power on vertical velocity and angular momentum at release of Belle. Angular momentum at release was significantly related to peak hip joint flexion torque. And also, angular momentum at release was significantly related to peak shoulder joint power.4.The purpose of forth study was to investigate the kinetic characteristics of giant swing backward with double piked salto to upper arm hang (Belle Piked, BP) compared with those of Belle(BT). Angular momentum about center of body gravity at release for BP was significantly larger than BT. Hip joint flexion torque, hip joint power, shoulder joint extension torque and shoulder joint power of BP at release were significantly larger than BT.