Joint torque and power analysis of giant swing elements in Parallel bars in Gymnastics

1.第一项研究的目的是比较双杠和单杠上向后巨大挥杆的运动学特征。伸髋力矩导致PB悬相的机械负功大于HB。在上吊阶段，PB的伸肩扭矩作用时间长于HB，导致PB的伸肩扭矩所做的机械正功大于HB2。第二项研究的目的是与向后的巨大挥杆(GS)的运动学特征进行比较。第二项研究的目的是比较后向巨大摆动(GS)和双摆向后摆动(Belle)的运动特征。Belle的髋关节最大屈曲力矩、最大髋关节功率和最大肩关节功率显著大于GS.3。第三项研究的目的是研究Belle(Belle)双下垂后向巨大摆动(Belle)的运动学特征以及关节力矩和功率对Belle释放时垂直速度和角动量的影响。释放时的角动量与髋关节最大屈曲扭矩显著相关。同时，释放时的角动量与肩关节最大功率呈显著正相关。4.本研究的目的是通过对比研究两个屈体跳高动作(Belle Piked，BP)和Belle(Bt)动作，研究其向后巨大摆动至上臂悬吊动作的运动特征。BP在释放时绕身体重心的角动量显著大于BT。BP松解时的髋关节屈曲扭矩、髋关节功率、肩关节伸展扭矩和肩关节功率均显著大于BT。

1.The purpose of first study was to investigate the kinetic characteristics of backward giant swing on parallel bars(PB) compared with those of backward giant swing on horizontal bar(HB). The mechanical negative work done by hip extension torque leading to hang phase of PB were larger than those of HB. During upward phase from hang, the shoulder extension torque of PB was exerted longer period of time than HB, with the result that mechanical positive work done by shoulder extension torque of PB was larger than that of HB.2.The purpose of second study was to investigate the kinetic characteristics of giant swing backward with double salto to upper arm hang (Belle) compared with those of backward giant swing(GS). Peak hip joint flexion torque, peak hip joint power and peak shoulder joint power of Belle were significantly larger than GS.3.The purpose of third study was to investigate the kinetic characteristics of giant swing backward with double salto to upper arm hang (Belle) and effect of joint torque and power on vertical velocity and angular momentum at release of Belle. Angular momentum at release was significantly related to peak hip joint flexion torque. And also, angular momentum at release was significantly related to peak shoulder joint power.4.The purpose of forth study was to investigate the kinetic characteristics of giant swing backward with double piked salto to upper arm hang (Belle Piked, BP) compared with those of Belle(BT). Angular momentum about center of body gravity at release for BP was significantly larger than BT. Hip joint flexion torque, hip joint power, shoulder joint extension torque and shoulder joint power of BP at release were significantly larger than BT.