Research of effects of 18-months exercise training program on balancing ability against abrupt deceleration in the elderly

18个月运动训练计划对老年人突然减速平衡能力的影响研究

• 批准号: 15500480
• 负责人: OKADA Shuichi
• 金额: $ 2.43万
• 依托单位: Kobe University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15500480/
• 关键词: elderly; balancing ability; abrupt deceleration; exercise training; fall prevention; 複合トレーニング; 長期間

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 18-months multidimensional exercise training on balancing ability against abrupt deceleration in the elderly. Twenty community-dwelling healthy elderly (≧65 years of age) with no history of one or less falls in the previous 6 month participated. They were classified into exercise group (n=10) and control group (n=10). The 18-month exercise training program was designed to increase strength, flexibility of the lower extremities, dynamic balance and ADL. The control group received no intervention. Changes in the center of foot pressure (CFP) were measured during postural sway following platform deceleration, and the response time and CFP displacement were evaluated. The EMG onset in the tibialis anterior muscle and medial gastrocnemius muscle during abrupt acceleration was measured, and the relative level of co-contraction of antagonistic muscles (CCI) in the lower extremity muscle group was calculated. In addition, motor and sensory abilities were measured. Significant improvement were observed in training group for the response time and CFP displacement immediately after abrupt deceleration in post-training vs pre-training. CCI in training group was significantly lower in post-training than in pre-training. Significant improvement were observed in training group for the strength of planterfiexor and dorsiflexor muscles, and knee extensor muscle, flexibilities of ankle and hip joints, choice reaction time, one leg balancing time, time to sit-to-stand, and speed of walking as fast as possible. These results suggest that this exercise training for 18-month can improve the balancing ability against abrupt deceleration, thereby reducing risk for falls - This may be because improvement of neuro-muscular function.

本研究旨在探讨18个月的多维运动训练对老年人平衡能力的影响。20名居住在社区的健康老年人（约65岁），在过去6个月内没有一次或更少的福尔斯跌倒史。随机分为运动组（n=10）和对照组（n=10）。为期18个月的运动训练计划旨在增加下肢的力量、灵活性、动态平衡和ADL。对照组不接受任何干预。在平台减速后的姿势摇摆过程中，测量足部压力中心（CFP）的变化，并评估反应时间和CFP位移。测量胫骨前肌和腓肠内侧肌在突然加速时的肌电起始点，计算下肢肌群拮抗肌协同收缩（CCI）的相对水平。此外，运动和感觉能力进行了测量。训练组训练后反应时和突然减速后即刻CFP位移较训练前明显改善。训练组CCI训练后较训练前显著降低。训练组的跖屈肌、背屈肌、膝伸肌的力量、踝关节和髋关节的灵活性、选择反应时间、单腿平衡时间、从坐到站的时间、最快步行速度等指标均有显著改善。结果提示，连续18个月的运动训练可以提高运动员抵抗突然减速的平衡能力，从而降低福尔斯跌倒的危险性，这可能与神经肌肉功能的改善有关。