"self-esteem and distress" of middle-aged and elderly persons in Japan and China

本研究以压力理论的分析框架和量表测量为工具，阐明了影响中老年人自尊和苦恼的诸多因素，并发现了中日中老年人自尊和苦恼的差异。研究结果如下：（1）对中老年人的自尊量表和抑郁量表进行了测量。至于自尊，我们决定选用Rosenberg，M。在他的标准量表的基础上，我们提出了一种新的量表设计，以最终克服“可达到的低分（某种积极的方式导致低分）”。在苦恼方面，参照Zung，W.W.K.的SDS（Self-reporting Depression Scale），选择了由10个项目组成的抑郁量表。我们在日本和中国进行了四次调查。(2)第一批结果来自investi 关于我们 为3，500名老年人和2，400名中年人提供服务。老年人的平均苦恼分数为17.9分，中年人的平均苦恼分数为19.3分，可以看出中年人的苦恼非常高。中老年人的自尊得分无显著差异。从中可以找到中老年人共同的苦恼影响因素（“健康”、“经济条件”、“自尊”）和各生命阶段特有的苦恼影响因素（“目标明确”、“社会支持”）。(3)第二个结果来自对中国380名老年人的调查。可以用与日本调查类似的方式测量痛苦和自尊。中国的调查结果表明，作为影响老年人苦恼的因素，“家庭构成”和“父母身份”与日本不同，但“健康状况”和“经济状况”与日本意义相同。(4)研究结果和未来的方向进行了讨论。少

This study elucidates the appearance of "self-esteem and distress" of middle-aged and elderly persons in Japan and China, where we use an analysis frame and measurement of scale of stress theory to clarify many factors to affect self-esteem and distress, and find differences between self-esteem and distress of middle-aged and elderly persons in Japan and China. The results of this research are as follows : (1) We examined measurements of scales of self-esteem and distress of middle-aged and elderly persons. As for self-esteem, we concluded to choose the scale of Rosenberg, M. Based on his standard scale, we gave a new device to the scale to overcome "attainable low score (a certain positive manner leads it to a low score)" conclusively. As for distress, we chose the measure of depression which consists of ten items, referring to the SDS (Self-reporting Depression Scale) of Zung, W.W.K. We carried out four investigation in Japan and China. (2) The first results was provided from investi … More gations for 3,500 elderly and for 2,400 middle aged. The average of a distress score of the elderly was 17.9 points, and the average of distress score of the middle aged is 19.3 points, and it became clear that the distress of the middle aged was significantly high. There was no difference between middle aged and elderly persons in self-esteem score. It was possible to find influence factors of distress ("health", "economic conditions", "self-esteem") in common of middle-aged and elderly persons, and ("definite aim", "social support") which is characteristic to each life stage. (3) The second results was provided from a investigation for 380 elderly in China. It was possible to measure distress and self-esteem in similar way to Japanese investigation. The result of Chinese investigation shows that as a factor affecting distress of the elderly, "household constitution" and "parenthood" are not same as Japan, but "state of health" and "economic conditions" are meaningful same as Japan. (4) Findings and future direction are discussed. Less