The moderated contract

适度的契约

• 批准号: 462268963
• 负责人: Privatdozent Dr. Tim Husemann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl BR, deutsches und europäisches Arbeitsrecht und Sozialrecht
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Publication Grants
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2020-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/462268963?language=en
• 关键词: moderated; contract

There are three ways to solve a conflict. By judgment, by contract or by mediation. At the end of mediation there is a moderated contract. This is the subject of my investigation and named after the moderator's activity. Characteristic for the moderation is that it only has a few characteristics. How exactly the mediation takes place is not covered by statutory regulations. This statement could be proven through the analysis of the legal requirements relating to different situations of moderation. However, two permanent characteristics of the moderation activity could be formulated. Firstly, the requirement of neutral mediation and secondly, the function of the moderator as a so-called "guarantor of self-determination".The consequences of the moderator's participation are ambivalent. On the one hand, he has an - in the legal system unique - interest in the conclusion of the contract. This does not refer to a specific content of the contract, but only to the fact that a contract - regardless of its content - is concluded at all. This interest entails a systemic danger for the compliance with the neutrality requirements.On the other hand, in the case of neutral mediation, the guarantor position of the moderator increases the legitimacy of the moderated contract compared to contracts concluded without a moderator. This is because in the case of a moderator contract, the legitimacy of the contract is strengthened by procedures.The basis for legitimation remains the self-determination that legitimates the contract. It is increased by the moderator, for example by having a similar effect on the moderated contract as the presence of trial observers has on the court decision.Due to the moderator's participation, an increase in legitimacy is achieved by adding the legitimizing forces of the judgment, which Luhmann described as the secret theory of the trial. The moderator also reinforces the treaty mechanism described for the bilateral treaty, the correctness of which also legitimizes the treaty.Since neutral mediation is the basis of the increased legitimacy of the moderated contract, the question had to be answered as to whether and how the moderator's adherence to neutrality is legally secured. The result is surprising: The moderated contract is not protected against a (hidden) violation of the moderator's duty of neutrality. Then again, it is the moderator's particular interest which would require special protective mechanisms.In order to develop an adequate legal response, the Mobile System (Bewegliches System) of the moderated contract was created, which contains the essential evaluations that make up the moderated contract. On this basis, the proposal could be formulated to create a withdrawal right for those moderated contracts where the moderator does not mediate neutrally.

有三种方法可以解决冲突。通过判决、合同或调解。在调解结束时，有一个温和的合同。这是我调查的主题，并以版主的活动命名。温和的特点是它只有几个特点。法律法规没有涉及调解的具体方式。这一说法可以通过分析与不同的节制情况有关的法律的要求加以证明。然而，可以用公式表示慢化活动的两个永久性特征。第一，中立调解的要求，第二，调解人作为所谓“自决保证人”的职能，调解人参与的后果是矛盾的。一方面，在法律的体系中，他对订立合同具有独特的利益。这并不是指合同的具体内容，而只是指合同-无论其内容如何-已经订立。另一方面，在中立调解的情况下，调解人的担保人地位与没有调解人的合同相比，增加了调解合同的合法性。这是因为在仲裁人合同中，合同的合法性通过程序得到加强，合法性的基础仍然是使合同合法化的自决权。仲裁员的参与增加了判决的合法性，例如，仲裁员的参与对仲裁合同的影响与审判观察员对法院判决的影响相似。由于仲裁员的参与，增加了判决的合法性力量，这被卢曼描述为审判的秘密理论。仲裁人还强化了双边条约中所描述的条约机制，该机制的正确性也使条约合法化。由于中立调解是仲裁合同合法性增加的基础，因此必须回答仲裁人是否以及如何遵守中立性的问题。结果是令人惊讶的：经审核的合同不受（隐藏的）违反审核人中立义务的保护。此外，这是仲裁人的特殊利益，这将需要特殊的保护机制。为了制定一个适当的法律的反应，移动的系统（Bewegliches系统）的调解合同被创建，其中包含的基本评价，使调解合同。在此基础上，可以拟订一项提案，为那些调解人没有中立调解的经调解的合同规定撤回权。