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Effects of climate warming on activity of the soil borne plant pathogens in Polar Regions

气候变暖对极地地区土传植物病原体活性的影响

基本信息

批准号：
15510028
负责人：
TOJO Motoaki
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
Osaka PrePecturc Vniersity
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15510028/
关键词：
polar regions plant pathogen soil fungi Pythium global warming moss vascular plants 高等植物土壌伝染性植物病原菌

项目摘要

Plant pathogens can effect individual growth and community structure in natural ecosystems. Climate warming may enhance their activity and lead to dying of plants in Polar Regions and Alpines. To clarify effects of climate warming on population of plant pathogens in these cold regions, taxonomical and ecological characteristics of some indigenous plant pathogens were studied.Pythium spp., known as soil borne plant pathogens, were isolated from moss in Svalbard, Greenland and Norwegian Alpine. The total 314 isolates were identified as unknown Pythium species 1 to 4. Most of them showed pathogenicity to a moss (Sanionia uncinata) and wheat leaves in an in vitro inoculation test. Their optimum temperatures for hyphal growth on an agar culture were 22 to 28℃. These results suggest climate warming may enhance activity of Pythium spp. and lead to dying of the moss in the cold regions.Population changes of Pythium spp. was investigated in moss colonies on Svalbard, Norway in every summer from 2003 to 2006 by isolation of pathogens using a Pythium selective medium. Pythium population was significantly higher in 2005 and 2006 than in 2003 and 2004. Plant surface temperature patterns were not varied among the years and had no affect Pythium populations. The other environmental factors such as soil moisture may affect the changes of Pythium population and is remained to be investigated.The effects of the smut fungus Microbotryum bistortarum on survival and growth of Polygonum viviparum in Svalbard, Norway. The results suggested infection by M.bistortarum can negatively impact populations of P.viviparum in the high arctic region by lowering plant growth and longevity.

植物病原体可以影响自然生态系统中个体的生长和群落结构。气候变暖可能会增强它们的活动，导致极地和高山地区植物的死亡。为明确气候变暖对寒区植物病原菌种群的影响，本文对寒区植物病原菌的分类和生态特征进行了研究。从斯瓦尔巴群岛、格陵兰岛和挪威阿尔卑斯山区的苔藓中分离到土壤传播的植物病原菌Pythium spp。共分离314株，鉴定为未知种1 ~ 4。在离体接种试验中，多数菌株对苔藓和小麦叶片具有致病性。在琼脂培养基上菌丝生长的最佳温度为22 ~ 28℃。这些结果表明，气候变暖可能会增强寒地藓类植物的活性，导致其死亡。2003 ~ 2006年，采用选择性培养基分离病原菌的方法，对挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛苔藓群落中皮孢菌的种群变化进行了研究。2005年和2006年的蟒蛇数量明显高于2003年和2004年。植物表面温度模式在不同的年份之间没有变化，也没有影响到蚜虫种群。其他环境因素如土壤湿度等也可能影响其种群的变化，有待进一步研究。挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛黑穗病菌历史微孢菌对活芽蓼存活和生长的影响。结果表明，历史芽孢杆菌的侵染会降低植物的生长和寿命，从而对高北极地区的viviparum种群产生负面影响。