Regional Integration of Infrastructure in MERCOSUR : It's Development and Effect on Regional Integration

这项研究的主要目的是以南锥体区域，即由巴西、阿根廷、智利、乌拉圭、巴拉圭和玻利维亚组成的大南方共同市场为例，澄清基础设施一体化对深化区域一体化的影响。本研究的主要发现如下：1.南美洲国家在市场一体化方面取得一些进展之后，正在朝着运输、能源和电信等基础设施的区域一体化方向发展（南锥体共同市场和安第斯共同体）。南美洲区域基础设施一体化倡议于2000年启动，2004年底，该区域各国总统选定了31个项目作为第一步。IIRSA通过包含10个一体化和发展轴心（枢纽）以及协调有关国家之间的规则、体制框架和监管系统，寻求国家领土的衔接。IIRSA作为一个跨国、多部门和多学科的倡议而诞生，它具有在20世纪90年代以前的进口替代工业化模式下不可能实现的新概念。在这一新现象中，经济占南美洲70%的南方共同市场次区域最需要改善基础设施。通过实地考察，本研究具体描述了四个案例：液化天然气供应网络、铁路的复兴、私人跨国公司经营的边境通行以及省级政府之间的协调。研究认为，南共市次区域从20世纪90年代的信心建设开始，进入市场一体化阶段，目前进入基础设施一体化和地方市场一体化阶段。区域（跨国）公益物的概念-即使两个或两个以上国家受益的公益物-正在成为它们未来一体化的基础。

The major purpose of the study is to clarify the effect of the integration of infrastructure on the deepening of regional integration, using the Southern Cone region, i.e. the Greater MERCOSUR which consists of Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia, as a case. Some of the findings of the study are:1. The South American nations are moving towards the regional integration of infrastructure such as transport, energy and telecommunications after achieving some progress in the market integration (MERCOSUR and the Andean Community, CAN). The Initiative for Regional Infrastructure Integration in South America (IIRSA) was launched in 2000 and 31 projects were selected as a first step by the presidents of the region in the end of 2004.2. IIRSA looks for the articulation of national territories by encompassing 10 Integration and Development Axes (Hubs) and harmonizing rules, institutional frameworks and regulatory systems among nations involved. IIRSA, which was born as a multinational, multi-sector and multi-disciplinary initiative has new concepts that were impossible under the import substituting industrialization model before 1990s.3. Within this new phenomena, the MERCOSUR sub-region whose economy is 70% of the South America is the most in need of improvement of infrastructure. From field trips, the study described specifically four cases : the LNG supply network, the resurrection of railroads, the border passing operated by private, multinational corporations, and coordination among provincial governments.4. It is presumed from the research that the MERCOSUR sub-region which started from the confidence building in 1990s, went into the market integration, and now goes into the stage of integration of infrastructure and the integration of local markets. The notion of regional (transnational) public goods -that is, goods that benefit two or more nations - is becoming fundamental for their future integration.