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Past and Present of the Roma in the Czech Republic as an Ethnic Minority

捷克共和国罗姆人作为少数民族的过去和现在

基本信息

批准号：
15510197
负责人：
SATO Yukino
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Roma is an ethnic group who doesn't have the written documents, therefore, the documents concerning about Roma are full of prejudices and misunderstandings of non-Roma. This is the case of Roma in the Czech Republic, too.Roma seemed to reach today's Czech Republic in 13th or 14th century. The history of the persecution began in the 16th century, the rulers tried to banish Roma. The emperors tried to assimilate Roma and make them settle down in the latter half of the 18th century. After the World War I, the government took"Controlled nomad policy by the law. During the World War II, The Nazi Germany tried to exterminate Roma. The Communists took the policy of assimilation and settlement and the today's government is trying to create co-existence of Roma and non-Roma.Nowadays Roma in the Czech Republic talks and writes it's own history. Projects to collect oral histories concerning about Holocaust started in 1980's. Oral histories are very important historical materials, because of the lack of the written documents. B. Daniel and J. Horvathova are historians of Roma origin. The latter is the president of the Museum of the Romani Culture. Many workers of the Museum are Roma.Various projects concerning about Roma in the Czech Republic are carried out now. The education program about Roma to enlighten non-Roma started in 2004 on the Internet. Because the prejudice and the attack to Roma from non-Roma still exist, the education for the both is very important for the co-existence. Additionally, the Roma shop by the NPO was opened in 2002, and the chances that the citizens and the tourists can touch the Roma culture have increased. The Interests on the Roma musicians who perform not only the traditional music but also contemporary music increase, too.

罗姆人是一个没有书面文件的民族，因此，有关罗姆人的文件中充满了对非罗姆人的偏见和误解。捷克共和国的罗姆人也是如此，罗姆人似乎是在世纪到达今天的捷克共和国的。迫害的历史开始于世纪，统治者试图驱逐罗姆人。世纪后半叶，罗马皇帝试图同化罗马人，使他们定居下来。第一次世界大战后，政府采取了“以法控牧”的政策。在第二次世界大战期间，纳粹德国试图消灭罗姆人。共产党人采取了同化和定居的政策，今天的政府正在努力创造罗姆人和非罗姆人的共存。如今，捷克共和国的罗姆人谈论并撰写自己的历史。收集有关大屠杀的口述历史的项目始于20世纪80年代。口述史是一种重要的史料，因为书面文献的缺乏。B。丹尼尔和J. Horvathova是罗马血统的历史学家。后者是罗姆文化博物馆的馆长。博物馆的许多工作人员是罗姆人，目前正在捷克共和国开展有关罗姆人的各种项目。2004年开始在互联网上开展关于罗姆人的教育方案，以启发非罗姆人。由于非罗姆人对罗姆人的偏见和攻击仍然存在，因此对罗姆人和非罗姆人的教育对于罗姆人的共存至关重要。此外，2002年，非营利组织开设了罗姆人商店，增加了公民和游客接触罗姆人文化的机会。对罗姆音乐家的兴趣也在增加，他们不仅演奏传统音乐，而且演奏当代音乐。