The comparative study of the ancient Roman poetry in terms of 'lost hometown'

我们试图对生活在公元前一世纪罗马世界的卡图卢斯、维吉尔和贺拉斯的诗歌进行比较研究，根据他们离开或失去家乡的共同经历。我们的研究结果如下。卡图卢斯的爱情诗，特别是关于他对莱斯比亚的爱情的警句，以一系列的“amicitia”的专业术语为特征，这是罗马绅士基于信仰和责任的相互关系。诗人从道德的角度看待他与莱斯比亚的关系，并强调“家”是男人和女人建立正确关系的地方。在维吉尔的《田园牧歌》中，一个因土地被掠夺而不得不离开家乡的悲叹牧民反映了诗人对曼图亚周围土地被大量没收的经历，象征着内战带来的混乱和道德败坏。在贺拉斯的《Epodes》中，诗人号召罗马人离开这个因内战而崩溃的国家，起航去寻找一个新的国家。贺拉斯在腓力比战败，在没收中失去了他的家庭农场。诗人绝望的哭泣来自于他当时的处境。卡图卢斯对恋人相互关系的看法是合乎伦理的。也正是因为他们意识到道德败坏，维吉尔和贺拉斯对罗马内战动摇的现状进行了批判。这三位诗人所共有的伦理意识都与他们的故乡有关。在他们出生的意大利北部和南部的城镇罗马人的传统道德比在罗马更牢固地保存了下来。因此，他们国人尊重家庭生活的传统道德观念对他们的观点产生了很大的影响。

We attempted the comparative study of the poems of Catullus, Vergil, and Horace, who lived in the Roman world of the first century B.C., in terms of their common experience of leaving or losing their hometown. The results of our research are as follows.Catullus' love poems, especially the epigrams concerning his love for Lesbia are characterized by a series of technical terms of 'amicitia', that is Roman gentlemen's reciprocal relationship based on faith and duty. The poet sees his relation with Lesbia from a moral viewpoint and emphasizes 'home' as a place for men and women to form right relationships. In Vergil's Bucolics, a deploring herdsman who has been robbed of his land and has to leave his hometown reflects the poet's experience at the great land confiscations around Mantua, and symbolilzes disorders and moral corruption which the civil war brought about. In Horace's Epodes, the poet calls to Roman people to leave the country collapsing by the civl war and set sail to find a new country. Horace had suffered the defeat at Philippi and had lost his family farm in the confiscations. The poet's crying out of despair comes from his situation at that time.Catullus' view as to lovers' reciprocal relationship are ethical. It is also because of their awareness of the ethical corruption that Vergil and Horace are craitical of the present state of Rome shaken by the civil war. The ethical sense that these three poets have in common is connected with their native town. In the local towns of north and south Italy where they were born the old-fashioned morals of the Roman people survived more firmly than in Rome. Therefore the traditional morality of their countrymen who respected home and family life influenced their viewpoint greatly.