The comparative study of the ancient Roman poetry in terms of 'lost hometown'

我们试图对卡图卢斯、维吉尔和贺拉斯的诗歌进行比较研究，他们生活在公元前世纪的罗马世界，在他们离开或失去家乡的共同经历方面。本文的研究结果如下：卡图卢斯的爱情诗，尤其是关于他与莱斯比亚的爱情的警句，具有一系列“友谊”的专门术语，即罗马绅士基于信仰和责任的相互关系。诗人从道德的角度看待他与Lesbia的关系，并强调“家”是男人和女人建立正确关系的地方。在维吉尔的《牧歌》中，一个悲哀的农民被剥夺了土地，不得不离开家乡，反映了诗人在曼图亚周围的土地大掠夺中的经历，象征着内战带来的混乱和道德败坏。在贺拉斯的《纪元》中，诗人号召罗马人民离开因内战而崩溃的国家，扬帆去寻找一个新的国家。贺拉斯在菲利普遭遇了失败，并在战争中失去了他的家庭农场。诗人绝望的呐喊来自于他当时的处境，卡图卢斯对爱人之间的互惠关系的看法是伦理的。也正是由于他们对道德败坏的认识，维吉尔和贺拉斯才对内战所动摇的罗马的现状感到震惊。这三位诗人共同的伦理意识与他们的家乡有关。在他们出生的意大利北部和南部的地方城镇，罗马人的老式道德比罗马更牢固地保存了下来。因此，国人重家、重家庭生活的传统道德观念对他们的家庭观产生了很大的影响。

We attempted the comparative study of the poems of Catullus, Vergil, and Horace, who lived in the Roman world of the first century B.C., in terms of their common experience of leaving or losing their hometown. The results of our research are as follows.Catullus' love poems, especially the epigrams concerning his love for Lesbia are characterized by a series of technical terms of 'amicitia', that is Roman gentlemen's reciprocal relationship based on faith and duty. The poet sees his relation with Lesbia from a moral viewpoint and emphasizes 'home' as a place for men and women to form right relationships. In Vergil's Bucolics, a deploring herdsman who has been robbed of his land and has to leave his hometown reflects the poet's experience at the great land confiscations around Mantua, and symbolilzes disorders and moral corruption which the civil war brought about. In Horace's Epodes, the poet calls to Roman people to leave the country collapsing by the civl war and set sail to find a new country. Horace had suffered the defeat at Philippi and had lost his family farm in the confiscations. The poet's crying out of despair comes from his situation at that time.Catullus' view as to lovers' reciprocal relationship are ethical. It is also because of their awareness of the ethical corruption that Vergil and Horace are craitical of the present state of Rome shaken by the civil war. The ethical sense that these three poets have in common is connected with their native town. In the local towns of north and south Italy where they were born the old-fashioned morals of the Roman people survived more firmly than in Rome. Therefore the traditional morality of their countrymen who respected home and family life influenced their viewpoint greatly.