The Globalization of Culture and the Creolization of Literature : The cases of Lafcadio Hearn, Zuo Zhoren, and Marie Stopes

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The year of 2004 was the 100 years' anniversary of Lafcadio Hearn's death, and in order to commemorate this, a series of symposiums were held in several cities in which Hearn had ever lived or stayed temporarily. All the members of this project participated in the symposiums and contributed to the special issues of the journals. The object of this project is to follow the traces of the authors who were active in imparting and introducing the Japanese culture. Recently those authors represented by Hearn have been revalued as the forerunners in the field of cross-cultural studies with the promotion of cultural exchanges. Zhou Zouren, a Chinese author, tried to redefine Hearn's role and Marie C.Stopes, a British scholar, also gave a good appraisal to Hearn's contribution to the Japanese culture. When they went back to their own countries, both of them played an important role of interpreter of the Japanese culture even though Stopes' concern lasted only a short period. In the situation in which the world is getting smaller and smaller with the development of transportation and information technology, literature is not an exception. It is possible to say that so-called "creolization" (mixture of more than two literatures) observed in local and national literature is inevitable as the result of globalization.