Study on the social functions of letters in ancient Japan

日本古代文字的社会功能研究

• 批准号: 15520396
• 负责人: NISHIZAWA Natsuko
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: Ochanomizu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15520396/
• 关键词: letters (shojyo); letters (tegami); rules of letters (shogi); cultural objects exchanged with other countries (oraimono); public instructions (hosho); messages from emperors (rinji); submitting subjects' letters to the emperors(jyohyo); code of sty

1.We compiled a database on letters of the Heian period (794-1185). The data were categorized into three groups the information included in the extant writings from the period the information not included in the remaining works; and the information on the cultural objects exchanged with other countries. We collected various styles of letters (messages from emperors, commands from ex-emperors, orders from crown princesses, various decrees, mandates from regents and chancellors, other public instructions, opinion papers, letters, private messages, requests, invitations and so on) and drew up a chart describing each writing's name, the dates on the Japanese calendar and the dominical year, senders' messages, respectful subscripts, superscriptions, addresses, additional terms for the addressees, the opening lines, the ending phrases, the sources, the possessors and the explanatory notes. The period described in the writings is from the fifth year of Konin (814) to the second year of Genrya … More ku (1185).2.The writing styles were introduced from China to ancient Japan just like other styles of documentation. This study explored the letters seen in Shosoin literature, strips of wood on which official messages were written, and Man'yoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) from the seventh to the eighth century, and pointed out that in our country the style of letters was initially used on public occasions of the Imperial Court, and not for private purposes.3.This paper examined the characteristics of ancient Japanese society by comparing the rules of its letters with the Chinese models of Tang dynasty. In China, the styles of retainers' letters to emperors, those ' subjects' statements and their opinion papers were specified in the instruction manual and procedures for submitting subjects' letters to the emperors were prescribed in the special law of the dynasty. Our country followed the pattern of the Chinese guide and adopted the procedures for sending the subjects' letters to emperors, but the country did not employ the system for retainers and individuals submitting their letters to the emperors in regard to successors' accession to the throne. This stemmed from the differences in the relationships between emperors and their retainers in China and the relationships between the Japanese emperors, tenno, and their retainers.4.In describing the establishment of the style of documented instructions in the middle of the Heian era, this study illustrated the issue with some examples of emperors' messages. The paper conducted a comprehensive analysis of the messages of kurodo, courtiers holding the fifth rank in the Emperor's Chamber, written in the diaries of Heian aristocrats and the emperors' messages as public documents. As a result, this thesis pointed out that the style of those emperors' messages was established during the reign of the Emperor Goichijo and that against this background there occurred the major political change of communicating emperors' commands through the channels of the fifth-ranking courtiers amidst the situation where the Grand Council of State and the kurodo section took charge of implementing various imperial formalities. Less

1.编制了平安时期(794-1185)书信数据库。这些数据被分为三类，即现存著作中包含的那个时期的信息，其余作品中没有包含的信息；以及与其他国家交换的文物的信息。我们收集了各种形式的信件(天皇的信件、前天皇的命令、太子妃的命令、各种法令、摄政王的命令、其他公共指示、意见书、信件、私人信件、请求、邀请函等)，并绘制了一张图表，描述每一种文字的名称、日历上的日期和主要年份、发送者的信息、尊敬的下标、上标、地址、收信人的附加术语、开场白、结束短语、来源、拥有者和解释性说明。在著作中描述的时期是从可宁五年(814年)到Genrya…第二年更库(1185年)。2.书写风格是从中国传入古代日本的，就像其他文献风格一样。本研究考查了公元7世纪至8世纪的寿司文献、写公文的木条和《万叶集》中的书信，指出在我国，书信最初用于朝廷的公共场合，而不是用于私人目的。3.通过比较古代日本书信的规则和唐代的中国模式，考察了日本古代社会的特点。在中国一书中，使臣致书的样式、臣民的声明及其意见书都在说明书中做出了规定，臣民致书的程序也在朝廷的专门法律中做出了规定。我国沿袭了中国指南的模式，采取了臣民向皇帝寄信的程序，但国家没有实行家臣和个人向皇帝提交继承王位的信件的制度。这源于中国时期天皇与臣民之间以及天野天皇与其臣臣之间的关系的差异。4.在描述平安中叶训令文体的确立时，本研究以一些天皇训令为例进行了说明。本文对平安贵族日记中记载的皇帝室五臣黑户的家书和天皇的家书作为公文进行了综合分析。因此，本文指出，天皇的文风是在皇帝歌池町年间确立的，在此背景下，在大国务委员会和黑道部门负责执行各种皇室礼仪的情况下，发生了通过五等朝臣渠道传达天皇命令的重大政治变化。较少

项目成果

Jyohyo and Hohyo in Ancient Japan and Tang China-Procedures for Submitting Subjects' Letters to the Emperors.

古代日本和中国唐朝的城报和凤报——向天皇上呈臣民书信的程序。

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 唐宋時期的法律与社会,国際学術研討会会議論文彙編
• 作者: 古瀬奈津子;FURUSE Natsuko;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;FURUSE Natsuko;FURUSE Natsuko;FURUSE Natsuko
• 通讯作者: FURUSE Natsuko

遣唐使の見た中国

使节眼中的中国

• 发表时间: 2003
• 作者: 古瀬奈津子;FURUSE Natsuko;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;FURUSE Natsuko;FURUSE Natsuko;FURUSE Natsuko;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;FURUSE Natsuko;FURUSE Natsuko;FURUSE Natsuko;FURUSE Natsuko;FURUSE Natsuko;FURUSE Natsuko;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬奈津子;FURUSE Natsuko;FURUSE Natsuko;古瀬奈津子
• 通讯作者: 古瀬奈津子

摂関政治と王権-平安中期における王権

世间政治与王权 - 平安时代中期的王权

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 王権を考える-前近代日本の天皇と権力
• 作者: 古瀬奈津子;FURUSE Natsuko;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子
• 通讯作者: 古瀬奈津子

古代奈良にみる宮廷人の暮らし

古代奈良朝臣的生活

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: シルクロード学研究センター叢書 9
• 作者: 古瀬奈津子;FURUSE Natsuko;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;FURUSE Natsuko;FURUSE Natsuko;FURUSE Natsuko;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子
• 通讯作者: 古瀬奈津子

唐帝国の解体と古代日本

唐帝国的解体和古代日本

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 中国の歴史月報 7
• 作者: 古瀬奈津子;FURUSE Natsuko;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;FURUSE Natsuko;FURUSE Natsuko;FURUSE Natsuko;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬 奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子;古瀬奈津子
• 通讯作者: 古瀬奈津子