The Research for local cultures as seen from the Qin and Chu bamboo-scripts

本研究的目的是通过秦统一中国的过程和秦汉王朝的形成过程来考察中国古代地方文化是如何转化和消亡的。特别注意巴蜀和楚地区作为最佳模式。这里的主要材料是从秦或楚墓中出土的文件。本文首先从地方行政制度之一“道”的功能入手，考察了秦对巴蜀地区的控制，并通过对张家山汉墓247号出土文献《邹衍书》等文献的解读，对这一考察结果进行了检验。其次，从巴蜀这一非秦人聚居地长期受到秦人移民剥削的事实出发，分析了巴蜀出土的文献资料，特别是有关土地制度的文献资料， 关于我们 同时，还对该地区进行了实地考察。另一方面，在已被秦征服的楚地出土了几件反映战国时期楚人宗教仪式方式的简牍。在此基础上，阐明了占卜、祭祀、丧葬等民间习俗的形成及其产生《日书》的原因。在中国古代统一的过程中，巴蜀、楚都被秦征服，并在法律上被纳入秦的统治之下，这些地方文化迅速消失。为了分析地方文化与秦汉法律之间的这种关系，本项目对张家山汉墓247号出土的《二陵律令》和《奏言书》进行了中日合作研究，并出版了附有红外线照片的文本。少

The purpose of this research is to consider how local cultures in Ancient China transformed and then disappeared through the process of the unity of China by the Qin and the process of the formation of the Qin and Han dynasties. Special attentions are paid to the Bashu and Chu districts as the best model. Major materials here were the documents unearthed from the Qin or Chu tombs. These documents are so-called preliminary texts that have not been handled by posterity.First, the study surveyed how the Qin controlled Bashu district in terms of the functions of Dao , which is one of the local administrative systems, and the result of this survey was examined by deciphering documents such as Zouyanshu, which is one of unearthed documents from Han Tomb 247 at Zhangjiashan. Second, on the basis of the fact that Bashu, in which non-Qin people had lived, was exploited by the immigrants of Qin all this period, the study analyzed the documents(especially ones concerning the land-system) unearthe … More d from the tombs of immigrants from Qin, and at the same time fieldworks in the district were also conducted. Finally the relationship between the occupational control by Qin and immigrants was concerned.On the other, hand, several bamboo-scripts which show the way of religious ceremony of the Chu during the Warring-states period are also unearthed from the Chu district, which had already conquered by Qin. With these, the study clarifies how the folkways of fortune-telling, sacrificial and funeral prayers were formed, and how they produce Rishu(the texts of fortune-telling) .Both Bashu and Chu were eventually conquered and legally integrated into Qin and put under monocracy through the process of the unity of ancient China, and these local cultures rapidly disappeared. In order to analyze such a relationship between local cultures and the law of Qin and Han, this project conducted the collaborative research between Japan and China for the documents named Erlingluling and Zouyanshu unearthed from Han Tomb 247 at Zhangjiashan, and published a text that includes infrared photographs of them. Less