The Research for local cultures as seen from the Qin and Chu bamboo-scripts

本研究旨在通过秦代统一中国的过程和秦汉王朝的形成过程来思考古代中国的地方文化是如何转化和消失的。特别关注的是巴蜀和楚区作为最好的模式。这里的主要材料是秦墓或楚墓出土的文件。首先，本文考察了秦朝对巴蜀地区的管理情况，并对张家山出土的247号汉墓出土文献《周延书》等文献进行了破译，对调查结果进行了考证。其次，根据非秦人居住的巴蜀在这一时期一直受到秦国移民的剥削，对文献(特别是有关土地制度的文献)进行了分析，发现了…更多的秦国移民墓葬出土，同时也在该地区进行了田野调查。另一方面，在已经被秦国征服的楚国地区出土了一些反映战国时期楚国宗教仪式方式的竹书。在此基础上，阐明了算命、祭祀、祈丧等民间习俗是如何形成的，以及它们是如何产生日术的。巴蜀和楚国最终都被征服，并通过古代中国的统一，合法地并入秦和实行法治，这些地方文化很快就消失了。为了分析地方文化与秦汉法律之间的这种关系，本项目对张家山第247号汉墓出土的二棱鹿岭和《走言书》进行了日本和中国的合作研究，并出版了一份包含这两个文献的红外照片的文本。较少

The purpose of this research is to consider how local cultures in Ancient China transformed and then disappeared through the process of the unity of China by the Qin and the process of the formation of the Qin and Han dynasties. Special attentions are paid to the Bashu and Chu districts as the best model. Major materials here were the documents unearthed from the Qin or Chu tombs. These documents are so-called preliminary texts that have not been handled by posterity.First, the study surveyed how the Qin controlled Bashu district in terms of the functions of Dao , which is one of the local administrative systems, and the result of this survey was examined by deciphering documents such as Zouyanshu, which is one of unearthed documents from Han Tomb 247 at Zhangjiashan. Second, on the basis of the fact that Bashu, in which non-Qin people had lived, was exploited by the immigrants of Qin all this period, the study analyzed the documents(especially ones concerning the land-system) unearthe … More d from the tombs of immigrants from Qin, and at the same time fieldworks in the district were also conducted. Finally the relationship between the occupational control by Qin and immigrants was concerned.On the other, hand, several bamboo-scripts which show the way of religious ceremony of the Chu during the Warring-states period are also unearthed from the Chu district, which had already conquered by Qin. With these, the study clarifies how the folkways of fortune-telling, sacrificial and funeral prayers were formed, and how they produce Rishu(the texts of fortune-telling) .Both Bashu and Chu were eventually conquered and legally integrated into Qin and put under monocracy through the process of the unity of ancient China, and these local cultures rapidly disappeared. In order to analyze such a relationship between local cultures and the law of Qin and Han, this project conducted the collaborative research between Japan and China for the documents named Erlingluling and Zouyanshu unearthed from Han Tomb 247 at Zhangjiashan, and published a text that includes infrared photographs of them. Less