Kings of the Ur III Dynasty and Cities under their Rule

在公元前第三个千年末，乌尔第三王朝建立了一种理想，即绝对的主权和神圣的王权。但实际上，乌尔第三王朝的政治体制并不是中央集权的官僚组织。每个城市都由自己的组织独立管理。由他们的本土统治者领导（ensi_2）。这是笔者在前人研究的基础上得出的结论，在本研究中，笔者通过对乌玛行政文本的分析，来研究乌尔三世国王在宗教领域的皇家威望。本研究的结果支持了我以前的研究。1）乌尔三世国王的寺庙都建在乌玛，除了乌尔纳姆，王朝的创始人。然而，居住在乌玛神庙中的神圣国王并没有被当作乌尔三世王朝强制统治的象征来崇拜，而是被当作保护神（伊拉马）来崇拜。2）乌尔三世国王定期向乌玛的主神沙拉献祭，但他们从未向乌玛的任何其他神献祭。当地的乌玛人以他们的传统方式为乌玛神举行祭祀和节日。乌尔三世国王无法改变乌玛宗教仪式的规定，以符合国家节日的结构。

At the end of the third millennium B.C., the third dynasty of Ur had established as an ideal an absolute sovereignty and a divine kingship. However, in actuality the political system of the third dynasty of Ur was not acentralized bureaucratic organization. Each city was administrated independently by their own organizations,. lead by their native rulers (ensi_2). This is the conclusion of my previous studies.In the present research, I examined administrative texts of Umma in order to study the royal prestige of Ur III kings in the religious sphere. The result of this research supports my previous studies.1)The temples of the Ur III kings were built in Umma, with the exception of Ur-Nammu, the founder of the dynasty. However, the divine kings housed in their temples in Umma were not worshiped as symbols of coercive sovereignty of the Ur III dynasty, but rather they were worshiped as tutelary gods (Ilama) to protect. the peace and order, and to ensure fertility.2)Ur III kings sacrificed regularly to the god Shara, the chief god of Umma, but they never made sacrifices to any other gods in Umma. Sacrifices and festivals for the gods of Umma were carried out by native Ummanians in their traditional manner. The Ur III kings were not able to alter the regulation of the Umma religious ceremony to conform to the structure of the state festivals.